EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS

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• EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS
• Agriculture impacts on food security
• Natural resources water, energy,
• Health
• Social change conflicts
• Increasing natural disasters

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Climate change is unequivocal and global
IPCC
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HURRICANE KATRINA
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HURRICANE KATRINA
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CYCLONE NARGIS FLOODING IN OUTSKIRTS OF YANGON
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DISASTERS
HUMAN DISASTERS
NATURAL DISASTERS


SUDDEN
TECHNOLOGICAL
SLOW
ENVIRONMENTAL
- Greenhouse effect - Deforestation -
Uncontrolled town planning, megacities
- Drying Lakes
- Chemistry (Bhopal, AZT) - Nuclear
(Chernobyl) - Oil spill
- Earthquakes - Tsunami - Volcanic Eruptions
- Floods
- Landslides - Storms, Hurricanes, -
Cyclones

• - Desertification
• Drought

INTERACTIONS COMPLEX DISASTERS
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HAZARD
VULNERABILITY
RISK
x

V
R
H
x

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• Increasing vulnerability/complexity
• Development of megacities
• Growing inter-connection natural /technological
  disasters
• Technological dependance (power, computers,
  communication systems)
• Growing globalization growing interdependency
  growing vulnerability from distant disasters
•  Inconceivable  events 

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BREAKING THE LINK

• Prevention
• Preparedness
• Risk management

DISASTERS ARE NOT INEVITABLE
HAZARDS ARE INEVITABLE
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HURRICANE DEAN CATEGORY 2 STORM ON AUGUST 16
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HURRICANE DEAN PHOTO FROM ENDEAVOR ON AUGUST 18
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CYCONES IN BANGLADESH

• Facts
• In 1970, a cyclone caused 400.000 deaths and
  left 1.3 million homeless
• Installation of a cyclone early warning system
• In 1985, thanks to the early warning, a cyclone
  of same intensity caused a number of deaths
  limited to 10.000

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CYCLONE NARGIS APPROACHING BANGLADESH MAY 1,
2008
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CYCLONE NARGIS FLOODING IN OUTSKIRTS OF YANGON
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• MYANMAR CYCLONE
• Inadequate warning and evacuation systems
• Inadequate advance preparations
• Limited expertise for disaster assistance

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• Barriers to disaster reduction
• perception of inevitability fatalism
• prevention measures neglected
• information about natural disasters and
  disaster reduction techniques is not
  disseminated
• planning divorced from hazard management

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• Women are more vulnerable to natural hazards
• Women are key actors in disaster
  preparedness

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• Women constitute up to 80 of refugee and
  displaced populations
• In emergency situations women and children make
  up 70 to 80 of those needing assistance
• (IUCN)

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Bangladesh Cyclone 1991

• Women aged 20-44 death rate was 71 per 1000
• Men aged 20-44 death rate was 15 per 1000
• (IUCN)

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WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE Biological, social
and economical differences

• Women have less access to resources
• Women are victims of the gendered division of
  labour
• 3. Women are primarily responsible for domestic
  duties, are caregivers

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WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE Biological, social
and economical differences
4. Early warning systems are orientated
towards males
5. After a natural disaster, women are more
likely to become victims of domestic and sexual
violence 6. Migration due to climate change
will leave women behind

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TROPICAL CYCLONE SIDR DESPAIR
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Survivors Temporary Housing, May 10
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HOMELESS AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE MIANZHU
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Womens role in Disaster Risk Management

• WOMEN ARE KEY ACTORS IN BUILDING, SHAPING AND
  SUSTAINING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES

Photo Credit Joanne Omang
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Womens role in Disaster Risk Management

• Women respond to disasters

Building houses digging wells and ditches
hauling water and building shelters, considered
as male tasks.
Forming groups and networks which is essential
in disaster preparedness and mitigation.
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Womens role in Disaster Risk Management

• Women play decision-making roles in disaster
  issues
• Women and young girls play an important role in
  their families and communities (in health,
  education and childcare).

Posted by Mayan Families www.mayanfamilies.org/6a
61re2.jpg
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• Promote Gender Concerns

Launch global campaign on disaster reduction in
which gender is fully mainstreamed
Urge governments policies and strategies with
gender balanced approaches
Establish focal points to promote gender
balanced approaches at all levels
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Looking to Natural Disasters from a Gender
Perspective
Ensure womens access to policy-making,
information and knowledge on disaster reduction
Respond to women's needs and concerns
Gender-based approach to the study on natural
disasters
Increase efforts in promoting gender equalities
Acknowledge womens vulnerable status
Strengthen the dialogue within between
communities and the national government
capacity-building
Assure womens access to relief resources
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Good practices and Lessons Learned

• Hurricane Mitch, Honduras, 1998 Garifuna
  Emergency Committee of Honduras was created to
  promote womens leadership in decision-making
  roles.
• Indian Ocean Tsunami, India, December 2004
  Tsunami Relief and Rehabilitation Programmes
  were led by women from the communities involved.
• Earthquake, Pakistan, 2005 Potohar
  Organization for Development Advocacy (PODA)
  promotes womens rights following a disaster.

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Fresh water management should take into account
the needs and role both of men and women through
an equitable approach
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Women and Water

• They have major role in
• managing
• communal safe maintaining
• regulation control of the social use
• of
• WATER SUPPLY

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Women collectors, users managers of water
They provide household water
They cook, clean take care of the sick
They have vital role in agriculture
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Limited access to energy has a disproportionate
effect on women, especially in rural areas.

• Risk for their health and safety
• They are not able to perform essential child-care
• Limits the opportunities for better education
• Electricity is essential for creating new
  employment opportunities
• Energy services enable improved food production
  and human well-being
• - Energy poverty is a main factor for increased
  migration
• ENERGY IS A KEY FACTOR IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
  DEVELOPMENT

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DISCRIMINATION LESS PAYMENT LESS EDUCATION LESS
ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES LESS FINANCIAL
RESOURCES BEING MORE EXPOSED TO RISKS BEING
EXCLUDED OF PLANNING DECISION MAKING
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The United Nations system engaged
in disaster reduction
World Meteorological Organization
WORLD BANK
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• United
• Nations
• Educational
• Scientific (natural, environmental, social)
• Cultural (culture, communication, information)
• Organization

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Long-term Goals

• Observation and early warning networks of natural
  hazards
• Hazard risk mapping
• Disaster-resistant building codes
• Education for disaster reduction
• Help make schools safer
• Promotion of public awareness through
  communication
• Protection of cultural monuments and sites

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• Hydrological hazards
• Studies of hydrological processes of floods,
• Design of engineering works for flood control
• Development of a decision-support system for
  urban water disaster mitigation
• International Flood Programme/Initiative.

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• International
• Consortium on Landslides

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• Drought/desertification
• The Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB).