Title: MD 240 Network Computing: Discovery, Communication, and Collaboration
1MD 240Network Computing Discovery,
Communication, and Collaboration
2Agenda
- The Work World Without the Web
- Envisioning Modern Discovery, Communication
Collaboration - Discovery
- Communication
- Collaboration
- Applications of D, C C Distance Learning
3The Work World Without the Web
4Pre-WWW Work EnvironmentDiscovery,
Communication, Collaboration
- Meet with someone face-to-face, ask them a
question (if you can catch them when theyre in) - Library - travel there and physically search
- Write a letter, put it in an envelope, mail it
- Phone
- Fax
- Travel to meetings
- Networking meant Lets have lunch sometime!
5Pre-WWW Work EnvironmentDiscovery,
Communication, Collaboration
- Downsides
- Time-consuming
- Lots of travel required
- Slow physical delivery 2-5 days via USPS
- Inefficient, difficult work physical search
- Expensive required extra costs
- Sometimes travel expenses were misused for fun
- Upsides
- Social contact relationships
- Rich human-to-human communication
6Envisioning Modern Discovery, Communication,
Collaboration
7The Vision
- Discovery
- Low cost/no effort
- Very flexible
- Search and find by content or terms
- Semantic search by context or meaning
- Document-to-Document Linkages
- One-way
- Two-way
- Communication/Collaboration
- Minimal travel low cost
- Maximum flexibility and functionality
- If traveling, you can connect to it and use it
wherever you are
8The Visionaries
- Vannevar Bush - 1945
- vision of machines for information storage and
retrieval, research dissemination - Project Xanadu - 1960s - present
- two-way inter-linkages between documents
- relationships between information in multiple
documents - Tim Berners-Lee - 1989
- WWW proposal to CERN
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http) a simpler
system to get and put documents for storage
and retrieval - The Semantic Web a next generation WWW he is
developing now
9Discovery
10Discovery Via the Web
- Discovery is the process of finding stuff of
interest or of use - The Resource
- WWW - is a vast collection of interconnected
pages of information that are stored (or
generated from programs and databases) on Web
server computers around the world. - The Problem
- All of the information in these pages is
unstructured or takes a variety of structures. - There is no perfect index or card catalog for
it.
11Supporting DiscoveryVia the Web
- Storing retrieving information in WWW documents
- Hypertext
- save information in text file (.html)
- Hyperlinks
- link to related resources of which you are aware
- Upload text file (.html) to a Web Site
- A directory on a computer
- A URL
- Client / server architecture
- WWW server software runs 7/24/365 on a server
computer, listens to Internet port, waiting for
a get or put message from another computer
(the client browser)
12Supporting DiscoveryWWW Technologies
- Downloading software and files
- FTP file transfer protocol
- Anonymous FTP used to be the way to find stuff
people stored for public use - Gopher (U of Minnesota)
- primitive, not enough acorns of info., basically
dead - Web Browsers (U of Illinois)
- HTTP get or put using the URL (uniform
resource locator) - FTP, TELNET and other programs right from within
browser - Search engines
- Google (www.google.com)
- Meta-Search engines
- search across WWW search engines, EX Dogpile
(www.dogpile.com) - BC Database Meta-Search Engine (metalib.bc.edu)
13Discovery On Campus
14Discovery Search Engines
15Discovery Search Engine Indexes
16Internet-based Software AgentsDiscovery About
Personal Patterns
- Software that rides on top of and monitors other
software applications - E-mail program
- WWW browser
- WWW sites
- Collects data on what you do (or other info.)
- Determines patterns in your behavior (or across
sites, etc.) - Generalizes about your past behavior to predict
future behavior - Examples
- E-mail agents
- Web-browsing-assisting agents
- Intelligent indexing agents
17Internet-based Software Agents
18Internet-based Software AgentsDiscovery of
Customer Activities
- Corporate technologies
- Ex Jupiter MediaMetrix
- Uses a software agent installed on consumer
desktop computers to monitor the Web browser
activities in 10,000 consumer households - Sells this data, and research based on the data,
to corporate marketing researchers - Ex NetRatings/AC Nielsens eRatings.com
- Use systems similar to above
19Discovery Internet-based Data Mining
- Resource discovery
- End User mine information about interests,
companies, etc. - Company mine information about users, customers,
WWW site operations, etc. - Information extraction
- Many companies now use WWW spiders to monitor
Websites where contract RFPs are posted - Generalization
- Company predicts future customer behavior
20DiscoveryInternet-based Data Mining
- Ex FBI
- Carnivore captures suspects emails, processes
them to identify evidence of crime - Ex CIA
- Fluent scours foreign WWW sites, translates
text, displays it in English for CIA agents - Oasis listens to worldwide television
broadcasts and radio broadcasts (now often
streamed over the WWW), transcribes content and
generates reports for CIA analysts
21Communication
22Communication
- Communication is an interpersonal process of
sending and receiving symbols with messages
attached to them. - Verbal words (symbols alphabet and
numbers messages meaning of words) - Nonverbal smiles ( symbol message Im
happy), sweating on the brow, pulsing veins on
the neck, wringing of hands, spatial relationship
to others
23Communication
Place
Same
Different
Same
Time
Different
24CommunicationProblems with IT for Communication
- Some communication methods are better at
communicating verbal messages, others are better
at communicating nonverbal messages - Ideally, we would like to convey both verbal and
nonverbal symbols in a way that their messages
are unambiguous - But, unambiguous messages are difficult to convey
even in the non-digital world
25Supporting CommunicationFactors Determining the
Uses of Information Technology
- Important Factors in Communication IT
- Participants
- of participants
- Communication styles most comfortable with
- Nature of sources and destinations
- Location
- Time
- Synchronous (real-time) communication
- Asynchronous (different times) communication
- Media
26Supporting CommunicationWWW Technologies
- Newsgroups
- Mailing lists and electronic bulletin boards
- Electronic mail - e-mail
- Internet and intranet (POP, IMAP)
- SMS messaging on WAP cellphones (i-Mode text
messages) - Blackberry email clients (and similar competing
devices) - Chat programs/Instant Messaging
- Web-site Java applets for chatting
- Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
- ICQ (I seek you) even includes SMS messaging
now - AOL IM, MSN Messenger, etc.
- Video Chat
- CUSeeMe and similar applications
Asynchronous
Synchronous
27Supporting CommunicationWWW Technologies
- Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
- Systems that directly connect from two to a large
number of small computer systems - Facilitate file sharing (e.g., Napster, Gnutella,
BearShare), application sharing (e.g., Groove) - Electronic Voice Communication
- Interactive Voice Recognition (IVR)
- Voice Annotation
- Automated Attendant
- Voice Mail
- Audiotext
- Web Based Call Centers
- Simultaneous voice/Web systems that enhance
corporate call centers (e.g., VoiceXML based
systems)
28CommunicationText IRC using ChatZilla
29CommunicationText/Voice Microsoft NetMeeting
30CommunicationText/Voice Groove Networks
Browser
31CommunicationVoice
32Collaboration
33Collaboration
- Collaboration refers to the mutual efforts by
two or more individuals who perform activities in
order to accomplish certain tasks ... - Project Teams
- Managers
- Members of team
- Clients of team (end users, external customers)
- Task SDLC consulting project
34CollaborationProblems with Collaboration
- Teams often dont work in an ideal manner
- Conflicting schedules
- Conflicting personalities
- Members who are forgetful
- Huge number of participants, too many agenda
items, many objectives of project, meetings to go
to, etc.
35CollaborationOld vs. New Methods and Technologies
- OLD Conventional approach
- Person-to-Person techniques, often iterative
processes, often time consuming - Nominal group technique
- Delphi method
- NEW Using IT to support groupwork
- Lots of software tools for collaboration
- Synchronous use of tools
- Asynchronous use of tools
36CollaborationGroupware Technologies
- Workflow systems
- ERoom, Visto.com, Lotus Notes, Groove
- Screen sharing
- Expression, NetMeeting, Groove
- Whiteboarding
- NetMeeting, Groove
- Visual communication
- CUSeeMe
- Electronic voice communication
- CUSeeMe, NetMeeting
- Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)
- Intranet and extranet
- Intranets.com
37CollaborationWhiteboard MS NetMeeting
38Collaboration Technologies Lotus Notes
Lotus notes is a Windows-based client/server
platform for developing and deploying groupware
applications.
- Capabilities
- Tracking
- Team discussion
- Broadcasting
- References
- Application categories
- Things to do
- Contract library
- Corporate policy documents
- Notes databases
- Discussion databases
- Document libraries
- Information services
39Collaboration TechnologiesGroove Networks P2P
Browser
- Beverly, MA company founded by inventor of Lotus
Notes - Integrates together COM software objects on
different users desktops using a variant of XML - Messages are passed between desktops to
synchronize the global collaboration system - Microsoft invested 51 Million
- Uses collaborative product design (CAD
systems), MS Word document markup and editing,
chat, etc. - Customers
- Dell (bought 10,000 licenses _at_ 96/lic/yr),
DARPA, GlaxoSmithKline - More info
- www.groove.net -- to download Groove
- www.groovenetworks.com -- more information on
P2P, etc.
40CollaborationScreen Sharing Groove
Each players action is replicated in the other
players browsers
Player X on Computer 1
Player O on Computer 2
41CollaborationDocumentums eRoom
42CollaborationInteractive Presentation Tools
Centra
43CollaborationInteractive Presentation Tools
Genesys Conferencing
44CollaborationInteractive Presentation Tools
Microsoft Live Meeting a.k.a. Placeware
45CollaborationInteractive Presentation Tools
WebEX
46Collaboration TechnologiesLockheed Martin
- Product Design at Lockheed Martin
- Using Web collaboration to manage 200 Billion
contract for next-generation Joint Strike Fighter
plane - To manage this project
- Using 90 Web collaboration tools to share
designs, track the exchange of documents, track
progress - Collaboration tools allow interaction between
- 40,000 end user computers,
- 80 suppliers at 187 locations in 26 states and 3
countries - 12 major customers (Army, Navy, UK, France, etc.)
- (Keenan, F. and S.E. Ante, The New Teamwork,
BusinessWeek e.biz, Feb. 18, 2002, p. EB12-EB16)
47Collaboration TechnologiesMicrosoft Xbox Project
- Product Design at Microsoft
- Microsoft and Flextronics used Web collaboration
tools to decrease project completion time by 2
months - Rapid prototyping of Xbox units
- Collaborative CAD of Xbox parts
- Collaborative sign-off of engineering design
changes - Immediate availability of engineering design
change to Flextronics manufacturing - (Keenan, F. and S.E. Ante, The New Teamwork,
BusinessWeek e.biz, Feb. 18, 2002, p. EB12-EB16)
48Collaboration TechnologiesGeneral Motors
- Product Design at GM
- In 1999, had Electronic Data Systems (EDS) build
them a Web collaboration system for car design - Share 3D designs and engineering documents
between - 16,000 designers
- 14 engineering sites around the world
- Dozens of partners involved in each design
- Payback
- Prototyping lead time cut from 12 weeks to 2
weeks - Ability to prototype many more car designs
- Car production lead time cut from 42 months (in
mid 1990s) to 12 months - (Keenan, F. and S.E. Ante, The New Teamwork,
BusinessWeek e.biz, Feb. 18, 2002, p. EB12-EB16)
49Collaboration TechnologiesCollaborative Supply
Chain Mgmt.
- Land OLakes Georgia-Pacific
- Collaborative SCM software from Nistevo, Inc.
(250,000/year 75,000 installation fee) - Use collaboration software to match up partial
truckloads from each company - Fill up empty space in a truck with the other
companys partial truck load - Georgia-Pacific has saved 600,000 in 6 months,
and Land OLakes expects to save 500,000 in
2002. - (Keenan, F. and S.E. Ante, The New Teamwork,
BusinessWeek e.biz, Feb. 18, 2002, p. EB12-EB16)
50Collaboration TechnologiesCentral Intelligence
Agency (CIA)
- CIA Live!
- Developed by the CIAs Office of Advanced
Information Technology - Lets CIA experts
- send instant messages (IM)
- collaborate on reports
- works on top of the CIAs ultra-secure computer
networks
51CollaborationDifficult Negotiation Sessions and
Decision Making
52Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)
- A group decision support system is an
interactive computer-based system that
facilitates the solution of semistructured and
unstructured problems by a group of decision
makers.
53Applications of Discovery, Communication
CollaborationDistance Learning
54Distance Learning (DL)
- Distance learning involves delivering educational
courses via a mixture of the WWW,
videoconferencing, collaborative computing tools,
CD/DVD learning tools, and traditional classroom
experiences.
55Distance Learning (DL)
- Over 2000 educational institutions offer distance
learning classes - Over 300 distance learning degree programs
56Distance Learning (DL)
- Distance Learning Courseware
- Courseware packages pre-assembled instructional
material that instructors can make available via
their website or vendor (e.g. WebCT, eCollege)
website - Courseware applications (e.g., WebCT)
- Instructor courseware for controlling delivery of
synchronize multimedia during online courses - Online Corporate Training
- Web-based Training
- Live or pre-recorded classes
- Huge area of corporate expenditures