Post War of 1812 to Jackson

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Post War of 1812 to Jackson
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Nationalism

• Nationalism supreme over sectionalism (for now)

Whats this?
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Economic Legislation Nationalism

• Second National Bank
• First National Bank expired 1811? financial
  disorder
• Second National Bank chartered 1816

Second BUS, Philadelphia
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Economic Legislation Nationalism

• Protective Tariff of 1816
• Industry had prospered during War of 1812
• Tariff meant to protect infant industries from
  foreign competition
• Supported by most as necessary

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Henry Clays American System

• Protective tariffs
• National Bank
• Internal improvements
  (canals, roads)
• Left to states to construct

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Era of Good Feelings

• Panic of 1819
• Profitable crops
  ? demand for farm lands
• Easy credit ? land boom
• Britain demands specie in trade
• BUS Tightens Credit, calls in loans, forecloses
  farms (1819)
• Many grow resentful of BUS

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Era of Good Feelings

• Democratic-Republican James
  Monroe easily wins elections
  in 1816 and 1820
• Many D-Rs adopted Federalist ideas and appealed
  to all
• D-R Party would tear apart in 1824 due to
  sectional differences

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Foreign Affairs Nationalism

• Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) ?
  disarmament of Great lakes, unfortified
  Canadian/US border
• Convention of 1818 - boundary between US Canada
  at 49th parallel, joint occupation of Oregon

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Foreign Affairs Nationalism

• Purchase of Florida (1819)
• Jackson led army into Florida to crush Seminole
  Indians, captured Spanish forts
• Adams-Onis Treaty arranges sale of Florida for 5
  million (John Quincy Adams)

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Foreign Affairs Nationalism

• Whats going on in the Americas?
• Latin American (LA) wars for independence (Jose
  de San Martin, Bernado OHiggins, Simon Bolivar)
• US preferred weak republics trading partners in
  LA
• Europe threatening to reconquer LA

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Foreign Affairs Nationalism

• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• Americans supported it
• Europeans backed off

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Foreign Affairs Nationalism

• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• Basic Ideas
• Western Hemisphere closed to further European
  colonization
• US wouldnt interfere with internal affairs of
  European nations
• European violation could lead to US intervention

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Supreme Court Nationalism

• John Marshall, Chief Justice (1801-1835)
• Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
• New Hampshire attempted to take control of
  Dartmouth College
• Court ruled states cant violate contracts

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Supreme Court Nationalism

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Maryland taxed second Bank of
  the US Baltimore Branch McCulloch
  (bank official) refused to pay
• Court denied states right to tax federal
  government, upheld constitutionality of BUS (and
  implied powers)

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Supreme Court Nationalism

• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
• Ogden, under NY State monopoly, ran ferry from
  NJ to NY Gibbons
  ran under federal license
  and sued to stop Ogden
• Court ruled against Ogden Federal govt controls
  interstate commerce

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The West Nationalism

• Turnpikes
  Public Roads
• 4,000 miles by 1821

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The West Nationalism

• Steamboats

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The West Nationalism
The Erie Canal connects Lake Erie to the Hudson
River

• Canals

Buffalo to NYC 26 days ? 6 days 100 ? 5 per
ton
For example
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The West Nationalism

• Five new states
• Immigrants to new western states had little
  loyalty to eastern states
• Western settlers looked to Federal government for
• cheap land
• internal improvements
• protection from Native Americans

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USA in 1820