Mastering CAD/CAM

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Mastering CAD/CAM

• Ibrahim Zeid

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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

• GOAL
• Understand and master the nature of CAD/CAM
  systems, their basic
• structure, their use in engineering tasks, and
  their use to create geometric
• models of simple parts.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Product life cycle
• Scope of CAD/CAM
• CAD/CAM Applications
• Acquiring CAD/CAM Systems
• Installing CAD/CAM Systems
• Becoming familiar with CAD/CAM systems
• GUIs and Help menus
• Demo parts

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CHAPTER 2 3D MODELING AND VIEWING

• GOAL
• Understand and master the basic concepts of 3D
  modeling and viewing,
• the difference between them, the control of
  modeling via sketch planes,
• and the effective use of CAD/CAM systems in
  geometric modeling.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Types of geometric models
• Coordinate systems
• Sketching and sketch planes
• Modeling entities and features
• Modeling operations
• Modeling strategies
• Model viewing
• System modes

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CHAPTER 3 MODELING AIDS AND TOOLS

• GOAL
• Understand and master modeling aids and
  manipulations, know the
• available tools offered by CAD/CAM systems, and
  learn how and when
• to use the tools to speed up geometric
  construction.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Geometric modifiers
• Layers
• Colors
• Grids
• Groups
• Entity selection
• Entity manipulation
• Entity editing

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CHAPTER 4 ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

• GOAL
• Understand and master the creation of engineering
  drawings, their use in
• design documentation, their use in manufacturing
  activities, the
• information that a drawing stores, and how to
  avoid over- or under-
• dimensioning.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Engineering drawings (blueprints)
• CAD drawings
• CAD views
• Title block
• Dimensioning
• Tolerances
• Notes and labels
• Manufacturing information

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CHAPTER 5 CAD/CAM PROGRAMMING

• GOAL
• Understand and master the concepts of
  object-oriented programming
• and their use in parametric design, become
  familiar with customizing
• CAD/CAM systems, and know the various methods of
  CAD/CAM
• programming.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Object definition
• Object creation and use
• Inheritance
• Macros
• CAD/CAM API functions
• C and OpenGL
• Java 3D

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CHAPTER 6 - CURVES

• GOAL
• Understand and master the theory and practice of
  curves, their types,
• parametric formulation, vector analysis, their
  implementation by
• CAD/CAM systems, and their use in geometric
  modeling.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Geometric modeling
• Modeling entities
• Curve implicit equations
• Curve parametric equations
• Curve properties
• Analytic curves
• Synthetic curves
• Curve manipulations

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CHAPTER 7 - SURFACES

• GOAL
• Understand and master the theory and practice of
  surfaces, their types,
• parametric formulation, their implementation by
  CAD/CAD systems, and
• their use in geometric modeling.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Surfaces and solid modeling
• Surface entities
• Extending curves to surfaces
• Surface parametric equations
• Surface properties
• Analytic surfaces
• Parametric surfaces
• Surface manipulations

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CHAPTER 8 - NURBS

• GOAL
• Understand and master the theory and practice of
  NURBS curves and
• surfaces, their formulation, their implementation
  by CAD/CAM systems,
• and the advantages of their use in geometric
  modeling.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• NURBS modeling
• NURBS basics (knot vectors and weights)
• NURBS curves
• NURBS lines
• NURBS arcs and circles
• NURBS surfaces
• NURBS bilinear surface
• NURBS ruled surface

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CHAPTER 9 - INTRODUCTION

• GOAL
• Understand and master the concepts of solid
  modeling, the use of
• primitives in geometric modeling, the basics of
  Boolean operations, and
• the representation schemes of solids.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Geometry and topology
• Primitives
• Primitives manipulation
• Regularized sets
• Set membership classification
• Constructive solid geometry (CSG)
• Boundary representation (B-rep)
• Sweeps

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CHAPTER 10 - INTRODUCTION

• GOAL
• Understand and master the concept of features and
  their use in geometric
• modeling the basics of parametrics, relations,
  and constraints and the use
• of parametrics and relations in what-if design
  questions.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Features and primitives
• Feature entities
• 3D sketching
• Feature representation
• Creating features
• Parametrics
• Relations and constraints
• Feature manipulations

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CHAPTER 11 GRAPHICS DISPLAY

• GOAL
• Understand and master the concept of raster
  displays, the types of display
• monitors (including the digital flat panel
  displays), and the parameters of
• these displays.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Impact of displays on CAD models
• CRTs
• Flat screen CRTs
• Flat panel displays
• LCDs
• Digital flat panel displays
• Comparing displays
• Specifications

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CHAPTER 12 - TRANSFORMATIONS

• GOAL
• Understand and master the concepts of geometric
  transformations, their
• types, their use in geometric modeling, how they
  speed up the creation of
• CAD models, and how CAD systems use them to
  create views and
• engineering drawings.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Need for geometric transformations
• Translation, rotation, mirroring, scaling, and
  reflection
• Homogeneous transformations
• Concatenated transformations
• Inverse transformations
• Projections of geometric models
• Orthographic projections
• Perspective projections

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CHAPTER 13 - VISUALIZATION

• GOAL
• Understand and master the concepts of rendering
  and visualization and
• their importance to geometric modeling, and
  understand the related
• algorithms.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Need for rendering
• Model cleanup
• Hidden line removal
• Hidden surface removal
• Hidden solid removal
• Visualization algorithms
• Shading
• Colors

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CHAPTER 14 COMPUTER ANIMATION

• GOAL
• Understand and master the concepts of motion and
  animation and their
• importance to geometric modeling, and understand
  the related algorithms.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Need for motion and animation
• Computer animation
• Frame-buffer animation
• Real-time playback
• Keyframe technique
• Simulation approach
• Animation-related problems
• Animation of articulated bodies

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CHAPTER 15 MASS PROPERTIES

• GOAL
• Understand and master geometric and mass
  properties, how to calculate
• them, the concept of numerical integration, and
  how to use CAD systems
• to calculate mass properties.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Importance of mass properties in CAD design
• Calculate curve and contour lengths
• Calculate areas
• Calculate volumes
• Calculate centroids
• Calculate inertia properties
• Use Gauss quadrature
• Use mass properties in part design

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CHAPTER 16 ASSEMBLY MODELING

• GOAL
• Understand and master assemblies, the different
  approaches to creating
• then, assembly analysis, and how to use CAD
  systems to create assembly
• models.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Differences between part and assembly modeling
• Mating conditions
• Bottom-up assembly modeling approach
• Top-down assembly modeling approach
• WCS and mate methods to assemble parts
• Managing assemblies
• Working with subassemblies
• Assembly analysis

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CHAPTER 17 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

• GOAL
• Understand finite element modeling and analysis.
  How to calculate
• stresses an strains, and how to use CAD systems
  to help perform
• FEM/FEA.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Why the finite element method
• Procedure of the finite element method
• FEA
• FEM
• Preprocessors mesh generation
• Postprocessors results display
• Understanding the results
• How CAD systems facilitate both FEM and FEA

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CHAPTER 18 PRODUCT DATA EXCHANGE

• GOAL
• Understand data exchange standards including IGES
  and STEP, how
• translators work, why we need preprocessors and
  postprocessors, and
• how to test translators to ensure the correct
  data conversion.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Necessary evil of CAD/CAM data translation
• Data exchange format
• IGES standard
• STEP standard
• ACIS format
• DXF de facto standard
• File structure and format
• Testing and verification

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CHAPTER 19 COLLABORATIVE DESIGN

• GOAL
• Understand the difference between traditional and
  collaborative design,
• become familiar with collaborative design
  concepts, understand its
• requirements, and know what tools are needed to
  perform collaborative
• design.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Synchronous and asynchronous communication
• Distributed computing model
• Instant messaging
• Virtual reality
• Collaborative design principles
• Collaboration approaches
• Collaboration tools
• Collaborative design software

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CHAPTER 20 ENGINEERING TOLERANCES

• GOAL
• Understand the importance and role of tolerances
  in manufacturing, the
• different types of tolerances, part inspection
  and its relation to tolerances,
• and how CAD systems implement and use tolerances.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Tolerance concepts limits and fits,
  accumulation, cost, and quality
• Conventional tolerances
• Geometric tolerances
• Datums
• ANSI GDT Y14.5M standards
• Inspection gages
• Tolerance stackup analysis
• Tolerance synthesis

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CHAPTER 21 PROCESS PLANNING

• GOAL
• Understand the interface between design and
  manufacturing and between
• CAD and CAM, the importance of process planning,
  the basics of CAPP,
• and the benefits of CAPP.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Manual process planning
• Essentials of CAPP
• Input and output of CAPP systems
• CAPP models
• Architecture of CAPP systems
• CAPP approaches variant, generative, and hybrid
• CAPP benefits
• CAPP software

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CHAPTER 22 PART PROGRAMMING

• GOAL
• Understand the basics of machine tools and their
  programming. Part
• programming an its basics, the fundamentals of
  coding languages and
• structure, and the use of CAD/CAM systems for
  generating and verifying
• toolpaths.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• Importance of part programming
• Working at the interface between CAF and CAM
• CAM requirements of CAD data
• Fundamentals of machine tools axes radius
  programming, and tool offsets
• APT programming geometric and motion statements
• Toolpath generation
• Toolpath verification

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CHAPTER 23 PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT

• GOAL
• Understand PLM, why it is crucial for companies
  to implement, what a
• PLM system offers, what PDM is and its
  relationship to PLM, and analyze
• some PLM and PDM case studies.
• OBJECTIVES
• After reading this chapter, you should understand
  the following concepts
• The current engineering and design practice
• Types of product information
• PLM goal
• PLM benefits
• PLM systems
• PLM enabling technologies
• PDM
• Case studies of implementing PLM and PDM