???????(Computer Aided Design,??CAD)??????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????,?????,????????????????(Computer Aided Make,??CAM)??????????(Computer Aided Engineering,??CAE)??????????(Computer Aided Processing

1
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
???? ????????????
12.1 ??????? 12.2 ?????????? 12.3
????????
2
12.1 ???????
12.1.1 ??????????,????????
???????(Computer Aided Design,??CAD)??????
????????????????????????????,?????????????????????
???????????????????????,?????,????????????????(Com
puter Aided Make,??CAM)??????????(Computer Aided
Engineering,??CAE)??????????(Computer Aided
Processing Planning,??CAPP)???????(Product Data
Management,??PDM)???????(Enterprise Resource
Planning,??ERP)???CAD?????????????????,???????????
?????????????????????????,??CAD/CAM??????????CAD/C
AM????CAD/CAM/CAE??????CAD??,??CAD??????????????
3
CAD???????????50????,????????????????????SAGE(Semi
Automatic Ground Environment)????,?????CTR???????
??????????????
?? ,CAD/CAM???Patrick J.Hanratty?1957????PRONTO,??
??????????
????1959?Ivan Sutherland??????????????TX-2??????SK
ETCHPAD??,?????????????????????????????????????CAD
????????
??????70????,??????????????????????,??????????????
?????,???????????????(CAAD)????
????80???90??,??????????????????CAD??????????????,
???????????PC???
???????????,??CAD????????????????????,??????CAD???
?????????IBM/Dassault?EDS/Unigraphics?PTC?Autodes
k
4
Patrick J.Hanratty ??????????????????????????CAD/C
AM??
Ivan Sutherland 1959???????????????TX-2??????SKETC
HPAD??,?????????????????????????????????????CAD???
?????
5
CATIA V5
?TX-2???????Sketchpad??
6
12.1.2 CAD????????????
??AutoCAD R14??????????????
???????????????
???AutoCAD?????????????,????R12????????????
????????????????????????????????????,?????????????
???????????AutoCAD??????????,?????????????????????
????
7
???????,????????
??AutoCAD????????????????????????????????????????,
??????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????
?????,?AutoCAD???????????????????????
8

??????????????????
?????????????,??????????????????????????,?????
?,???????????????????,????????????????????????????
???,??????????????????????(ByLayer)
9
?????AutoCAD?????????
?????????,AutoCAD??????????????AutoLISP?VBA???Obj
ectARX
10
????Tarch?????????????????
??????????????????????????????AutoCAD??????
?CAAD????,?1994???????????????????????????????????
???????????????????TArch?????????????CAD????????
11
??3D3S????????
3D3S????????,??????????CAAD?????????????????
??????????????????????????????,????3D3S???????????
??????
12
????????CAD??????
???????????????????????????????????1996???
?????CAAD??,??????????CAD????CAD??????????????????
?????????????????????,??????????????????????????
??????,??????????????????
13
??PKPM?????
14
???? ???
PKPM?? ??????????????????
RSD ????????????????
ABD?? ?????????ABD???????
TBSA?? ????????????
SACB ????????????
ETABS ??????????(CSI)
UP ????????????
STAAD CHINA2004 ???????????
X-Steel Structures ??Tekla??
SAP2000/StruCAD/SAFE/SECTION BUILDER ??AceCAD??
SCIA ??????
PS2000/SS2000 ??????????????????
GFCAD ?????????????
PDSOFT?? ????????????CAD?????
3D3S/MTsteel/CCC/????? ????
???? ???????????
15
MSTCAD ????
SSCAD ??????
TWCAD ????
???? ???????????
???? ????????????
??? ??????????
TUS2000 ?????????
TSSD ???????
??CAD ???????????
PRCS ??????
FAP-3 ????????????
??CAD/??/?? ????????????
16
12.2 ??????????
12.2.1 ????????,????????
??????????CAAD??
???? ?????(????) ????? (????) ????? (????)
???? ???? ??-???? ????
????? ????? ????? ?????
???? ????? ????? ???????
??????????CAAD??
???? ????? ???? ?????
?????? ????lt???? ???????? ????gt????
???? ????????? ????? ?????
17
????????????????????????,???????????,?????
??,????????,?????????????????????,??20??50??????,?
????????????????????????,??????????20??80?????,???
??????,???????????????????????????????????????????
????
?????(Finite Element Analyse,??FEA)???????
???????????????????,?????????????????????
1941?Hrenikoff?????????,????????????????1
943?Courant?????????????????????????Hrenikoff?Cour
ant???????????(Finite Element Method,??FEM)?????,?
???????????????Argyris?Kelsey?Turner?Clough?Martin
?Topp,??Clough?1960??????????????,??????????????
,?????????????????,????????????????
18
?????????
???????????????????,??????????????????????
??????????ANSYS?ABAQUS?DIANA?ADINA?IDARC?ALGOR?,??
12.4???????????????????CAD?????,????????CAD??????
19
?????????
ABAQUS ADINA AFEMS AirMechanics
ALADDIN Algor ANSYS AVwin (Avansse)
BEASY BOSS International CADRE CADS
CAEFEM CESAR - LCPC CAESAR II - (pipe stress analysis) COSAR
COSMOS/M CSA/GENSA CSA/NASTRAN CSA/Visual for AutoCAD
CSTRAAD DIANA DYNA3D ELFEN
ENERCALC ESAComp ETABS(CSI) FE/Pipe
FEIt FEMAP FEMGV FlexPDE
Genesis GRAPE GBW16 GBW32 GT STRUDL HyperMesh (Altair Computing)
I-DEAS Master Series Indus FEA INERTIA LapFEA
LARSA LUSAS MARC ME/NASTRAN
20
?????????
Microstran for Windows MotionView (Altair Computing) MSC/DYTRAN MSC/FATIGUE
MSC/MARC MSC/NASTRAN MSC/NASTRAN (for Windows) MSC/Patran
mTABSTRESS Multiframe NE/Nastran NISA/DISPLAY
OptiStruct (Altair Computing) P-Frame (Softek) PDE Toolbox PDEase2D
PENTAGON 2D PENTAGON 3D PERMAS Prokon
ProPHLEX RISA-2D RISA-3D Robot 97
RSTAB S-Frame (Softek) SAFE (CSI) SAFI
SAMCEF SAP2000 (CSI) SoFiSTiK STAAD III
STAAD/Pro STARDYNE STRAND6 STRAP
StressCheck TEDDS VISAGE Zebulon
21
12.2.2 ?????????????????
????????????,?ANSYS?ABAQUS?DIANA?ADINA?IDAR
C?ALGOR???????????????ANSYS
?????????
???????
22
??ANSYS?????????
?ANSYS???AutoCAD??
??ANSYS???????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????,??????
????????????????????,?????????????????????????????
?
23
ANSYS Workbench ????
?ANSYS Workbench???AutoCAD ??
????????????????,ANSYS????????????????,????
????????????ANSYS Workbench??????????????API??????
?,????????????Jscript?Vbscript?HTML????????????GUI
,????????????ANSYS????????API???????
24

ANSYS Workbench?? ????,????
?ANSYS Workbench ?????????
ANSYS??????,?????????ANSYS????????????????
??????,????ABAQUS??????????????
25
ABAQUS ???ABAQUS???1978??????????????????,
??????????????????????????????ABAQUS??????????????
?????????????????????,?????????????,??????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????,ABAQ
US ?????????(?????)??,????????????????,???????????
??????????????????(???????????)???????
26
12.3 ????????
12.3.1 ????
???????????????????????,???????,???????????
?(Symbolism)?????(Connectionism)?????(Actionism)?,
????????(Logicism)?????(Bionicsism)?????(Physiolog
ism),?????????????????????????????????????????????
????,????????????????????????????????????????
27
??????Alan Turing
????????Alan Turing?????????,Alan
Turing????????????????????,???????????????????????
????1950?,Alan Turing????????????????,??????????
????????????
28
????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????,??????1943??
???McCulloch???????Pitts??????,?MP???60?70??,????,
????????(Perceptron)????????????????,?????????????
?????????,??????70?????80???????????Hopfield?1982?
?1984?????????,???????????????????????1986?Rumelha
rt??????????????(BP)?????,????????,??????,????????
??,?????????????????
29
????????????????????,?????????????????????
?,????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????R.Shank?????????????,???????,??
????????????????
30
12.3.2 ????
???????????????????,???????????????????????
???????,??????????????????????????????????????,???
???,???????????????
???????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????,???
???????????????????????????,?????????????????????
31
??????????
?????????????????????,??????????,???????????
32

• ???????????
• ???(Knowledge Base) ???????????????????,?????????
  ????
• ?????(Global Database) ????????????,?????????????
  ???????????????(??),?????????????
• ???(Reasoning Machine)??????????????????,????????
  ???????????
• ???(Explanator)??????????????,??????????????????
  ????????
• ??(Interface)????,?????????????,?????????????????
  ?????????????

33
???????????3???,??????????????????(DENDRAL
?MACSYMA?)????????????????????????????????????????
???,????????????????(MYCIN?CASNET?PROSPECTOR?HEARS
AY?)?????????????,????????,??????????,????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????,??????????,????????????????????
????,??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????,????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
34

• ?????????
• ??????,?????????,???????????????
• ????????????,????????
• ???????????????????

???????????,??????????????????????????????
??????,??????????????????????,????????????????????
???????,??????????????????????,???????????????????
??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
????,??????????????????
35
?????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
????,???????????
36
12.3.3 ???????????????
????????????????????????,??????????????????
???RACODE-I???????????????????????HIPRED-2?,??????
????????????????,???????????????????????????