Interpreting Maps

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Interpreting Maps

• How does geography influence historical issues
  and events?

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TEKS

• WG 21C- interpret maps to answer geographic
  questions, infer geographic relationships, and
  analyze geographic change
• WH 12C- interpret historical maps to identify and
  explain geographic factors that have influenced
  people and events in the past

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Geographic Influences Human and Physical
Geography can influence history in many ways.

• Human Geography may include
• Governments
• Culture
• Economics

• Physical Geography may include
• Barriers
• Climate
• Size

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Physical Geography is
the study of how the earths natural features
(plains, mountains, water sources, plants,
animals and climate) vary from place to place.
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Lets look at types of physical geography
1. barriers- prevent movement
2. climate- is weather
3. size- how big a place is
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Two types of barriers are
Natural

Artificial
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What are natural barriers?

• Hint What are barriers?

Brainstorm on your paper what natural barriers
might be.
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Natural barriers are

• natural land or water obstacles such as

Mountains
Deserts
and Oceans
http//office.microsoft.com/clipart/results.aspx?Q
uerydesertsScopeMC2cMM2cMP2cMSiStartAt13C
TT1OriginEC790000121033QueryIDw0O4x3eNn0
http//office.microsoft.com/clipart/results.aspx?Q
ueryoceansScopeMC2cMM2cMP2cMSiStartAt13CT
T1OriginEC790000121033QueryIDx0O4mp4R70
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What are artificial barriers?

• Hint Use your knowledge of natural barriers.

Brainstorm on your paper what artificial barriers
might be.
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Artificial barriers are

• man-made obstacles such as

walls, like The Great Wall of China,
the Berlin Wall, or
moats that surround castles.
http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlwww.meddows
-taylor.com/great2520wall2520of2520china.jpgim
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Did you know?

• Natural and artificial barriers are not
  impossible to cross!!
• They make it more DIFFICULT!!!

Real Life Example
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Think about FOOTBALL

• Goal of the receiver
• Make a touchdown
• Obstacle
• Defense line (barrier)
• Outcome
• Pass the defense line and make a touch down

http//office.microsoft.com/clipart/results.aspx?S
copeMC2CMM2CMP2CMSQueryfootballplayersCTT
6OriginEC010331121033
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Climate is
extreme cold (areas far from the equator)
extreme heat (caused by lack of moisture)
Like the Sahara Desert
Like Siberia
http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlwww.benedic
tallen.com/hi-res-jan02/1-6-siberia.jpgimgrefurl
http//www.benedictallen.com/photo_6_Siberia.html
h1164w1801sz120tbnidU4N7UNJ4nhAJtbnh96t
bnw148prev/images3Fq3DSiberia26svnum3D1026
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also

• Heavy Rain (caused by winds that pull moisture
  from bodies of water and then dump the moisture
  on to a land mass)

Like the monsoons of Bangladesh
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Size

• can also influence a persons ability to conquer
  or cross a land mass.

Take for instance Texas
And Rhode Island
Press here for question
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Question based on Map

• Would it be harder to cross or conquer Texas or
  Rhode Island?

Rhode Island
Texas
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Oops!! Try Again
Look at the size of Texas versus Rhode Island.
Which is bigger, thus more difficult to cross or
conquer?
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CORRECT!! WAY TO GO!!
You must know that it is harder to cross larger
states, thus making it harder to conquer the
state.
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Now, lets test your knowledge of Physical
Geography.

• Remember Physical Geography is made up of
• Barriers- natural and artificial
• Climate- extreme cold, extreme heat, and heavy
  winds
• Size- large land masses

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You should use your knowledge of natural and
artificial barriers to understand why someone
would have success or failure when moving into a
new territory. Take for instance the Fertile
Crescent (located in green)
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Do you see any natural or artificial barriers
that would prevent the dynasties of the Akkadian
Empire from attacking the dynasties of Sumer?
Yes
No
http//ancienthistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite
.htm?sitehttp//www.hyperhistory.com/online5Fn2/
maptext5Fn2/sumer.html
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Oops!! Try Again
Remember barriers are mountains, oceans, deserts,
walls, etc.
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GREAT!!!!
There are no natural barriers in the Fertile
Crescent
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BRAINSTORM

• Do you think the Fertile Crescent was a peaceful
  society or a society that is constantly warring
  with others?

Constantly warring
Peace
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Oops Try Again

• What would a person do if there was nothing
  stopping them from conquering their neighboring
  tribes?

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Do to the lack of any barriers the civilizations
within the Fertile Crescent were under constant
attack from neighboring civilizations.
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http//ancienthistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite
.htm?sitehttp//www.fsmitha.com/h1/map06ind.htm
                                                
                              .
CHINA
Lets try another one. Look at the map and see if
you can identify
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http//ancienthistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite
.htm?sitehttp//www.fsmitha.com/h1/map06ind.htm
                                                
                              .
CHINA
why didnt the people of the ancient Indus river
valley communicate with the people in China?
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Did you say because of the Himalaya Mountains?
YES
NO
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Oops!! Try Again

• Look at the map again. Notice the location of the
  Indus plain and China.
• Do you see something that separates the two?

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CORRECT!!

• The Himalayan Mountains are a barrier. They
  prevented people of Ancient India from
  communicating with the people of Ancient China.

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What type of barrier are mountains?
Artificial
Natural
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Oops!! Try Again

• Remember artificial barriers are man-made
  blockades.

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CORRECT!! Mountains are natural barriers.
http//office.microsoft.com/clipart/results.aspx?S
copeMC2CMM2CMP2CMSQuerymountainsCTT6Origi
nEC010331121033
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Now lets look at Russia
Do you think Napoleon will face problems when he
tries to conquer Russia?
http//office.microsoft.com/clipart/results.aspx?S
copeMC2CMM2CMP2CMSQuerynapoleonCTT6Origin
EC010331121033
YES
NO
http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlwww.hotels-
europe.com/info-countries/russia/russia-map.jpgim
grefurlhttp//www.hotels-europe.com/info-countrie
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Oops!!! Try Again

• Think about Siberia's vast size and its location
  in Northern Russia

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CORRECT!!!

• You must know Siberia is a large land area and is
  located in Northern Russia at a high latitude
  (very far from the equator where it is cold)

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OkLast One!!
Middle East
Who would North African countries interact with
the most?
South Africa
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Oops!! Try Again

• Notice on the map of Africa and the HUGE Sahara
  Desert.

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You Got It!!!

• The heat and the size of the Sahara desert cuts
  Northern Africa off from the rest of Africa.
• Therefore their closest neighbor is the Middle
  East.

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Now lets look at Human Geography and identify
some of the factors that influence it.
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Human Geography

• the study of people and their activities (voting,
  earning money/spending money, following a
  religious belief) vary from place to place

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Human Geography can consist of

• Culture- peoples unique way of life
• Government- how people are ruled
• Economics- resources and the exchange of
  resources among areas

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Culture Is
Language,
religion,

• values, beliefs, customs, and family life

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• Some people feel so strongly about their own
  culture that they try to impose it on others.
• EXAMPLE Some fundamental Islamic groups feel so
  strongly about their religion that it becomes
  their form of government, such as the Taliban in
  Afghanistan.

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Economics are

• Resources and the exchange of resources among
  areas.
• They include oil, timber, mineral deposits, and
  water sources.

• Many countries have sought to dominate another
  because of their natural resources. These
  resources are valuable and have the potential of
  making a country very RICH.

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Example When Spain set out to find an alternate
route to India it came across to the Americas.
Spain conquered much of Central and South America
and began to take many of the resources they
possessed, especially gold and silver.
THIS MADE SPAIN RICH
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Types of Government

• Autocracy- people are ruled by a single person
  (monarchy)
• Democracy- a government ruled by the people
• Totalitarianism- a government that controls every
  aspect of public and private life (communism)

http//history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/stalin.ht
ml
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Because governments are so powerful, they
naturally try to influence others.
http//www.abc.se/m10354/resa/stalin86.htm
Example Under Stalins goal to industrialize,
he forced the people to leave their farms to work
in factories. This is an example of Stalins
power.
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Now lets test your knowledge of HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

• Remember Human geography consists of
• Culture- peoples unique way of life
• Government- how people are ruled
• Economics- resources and the exchange of
  resources among areas

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http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/02/m
aps/1946.html
The iron curtain was an imaginary line created
after WWII that separated free Western Europe
from Communist Eastern Europe.
Iron Curtain
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According to the map and previous information,
what caused Eastern Europe to become Communist?
The government in Western Europe appealed to
Eastern Communist Countries.
The Soviets political, cultural, and economical
beliefs influenced Eastern Europe.
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Oops!! Try Again
Look back at the map. Notice the location of the
Iron Curtain. It separates FREE Western Europe
from COMMUNIST Eastern Europe.
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CORRECT!! WAY TO GO!!

• The Soviet Unions Totalitarian government
  influenced Eastern Europe following WWII to adopt
  Communism, thus creating the IRON CURTAIN. This
  caused Eastern European countries to be grouped
  with the Soviet Union and Communism.

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Press for map.

• The Columbian Exchange opened the world to ideas
  from other countries.
• Using the map, what can you INFER about the
  Columbian Exchange.

The introduction of food played an important role
in the Columbian Exchange.
The movement of people and their beliefs had the
greatest impact on the Columbian Exchange.
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Oops!! Try Again

• Go back and look closely at the map. Remember
  that culture can be a person, customs,
  traditions, ideas, language, religion, and food.

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(No Transcript)
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Muy Bien!! Way To Go!!

• Although plants, animals, and diseases were also
  transferred during the Columbian Exchange, you
  saw that food was the primary item being traded.
• This is an example of human geography because it
  is the exchange of culture food is part of a
  persons culture.

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You may wonder how food has influenced history.

• When the potato was introduced into Ireland, it
  became a major food source that they didnt have
  before.

Historical Change
The people of Ireland became dependent upon the
potato.
Historical Change
When a fungus attacked the potato crop it led to
a famine.
Historical Change
Without the potato to eat, there was a massive
migration of Irish people to other countries.
Historical Change
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Haiti- seeking economic opportunity
Mexico- fleeing unemployment
Guatemala-fleeing violent political turmoil
El Salvador- fleeing violent political turmoil
Colombia- seeking economic stability and peace
According to the map, what is the main reason
people of Latin America moved to the United
States?
Lack of Land
Lack of Jobs
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Oops!! Try Again

• Even though land is a resource, it is not
  mentioned on the map.
• Your answer should be based on the map.

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CORRECT!!

• Economics deals with resources and money. If
  there are not jobs available in one area, people
  will naturally move to another place where jobs
  can be found.

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Congratulations you have completed the tutorial
on interpreting maps!!