Naming Chemical Compounds

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Naming Chemical Compounds
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Class I Binary Compounds

• Made from Predictable metals on the periodic
  table
• Metal plus non-metal
• Name from formula
• Always write the metal first
• Add ide to the end of the non-metal name
• Formula from name
• Write symbol for metal first
• Look up charges on metal and non-metal
• Balance charges to zero between metal and
  non-metal with ratio of atoms using subscripts

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Class II Binary Compounds

• Made from Un-predictable metals on the periodic
  table (metals that are NOT Class I)
• Metal plus non-metal
• Name from formula
• Always write the metal first
• Determine the charge on the metal from the charge
  on the non-metal and the ratio of atoms.
• Use roman numerals to indicate metal charge
• Add ide to the end of the non-metal name
• Formula from name
• Write the symbols for metal and non-metal metal
  first
• Determine the charge on the metal from the roman
  numeral
• Balance charges to zero between metal and
  non-metal with ratio of atoms using subscripts

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Class III Binary Compounds

• Made from non-metals and non-metals
• NO CHARGES atoms share electrons
• Use prefixes to indicate number of atoms in
  compound
• Mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-,
  octa-, nona-, deca-.
• Name from formula
• Names use prefixes to indicate the number of
  atoms of an element in a compound DO NOT use
  mono- for first element.
• Assign prefixes from subscripts in formula.
• Add ide to the end of the second non-metal name
• Formula from name
• Non-metal element further to the left written
  first
• Prefixes indicate number of atoms . Convert
  prefixes in names to subscripts in formula.

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Polyatomic Naming Rules

• Learn (memorize) Common Ions Then
• Per- is one more oxygen
• -ite one less oxygen, same charge except for
  phosphorus
• Hypo- -ite two less oxygens same charge
  except for phosphorus

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The Common Polyatomicsthe -ates

• Phosphate PO43- Please -3
• Sulfate SO42- Send -2
• Carbonate CO32- Cake and -2
• Chlorate ClO31- Chocolate -1
• Acetate C2H3O2-1 Angels -1
• Nitrate NO31- Now -1
• Knowing these plus the rules covers 12 of the
  poly-atomics!

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Phosphate

• Phosphate PO43-
• Phosphite PO32-
• One less oxygen one less charge

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Sulfate

• Sulfate SO42-
• Sulfite SO32-
• One less oxygen same charge

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Carbonate

• Carbonate CO32-

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Chlorate

• Chlorate ClO3-1
• Chlorite ClO2-1
• Hypochlorite ClO-1
• One and two less oxygens same charge
• Perchlorate ClO4-1
• One more oxygen

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Nitrate

• Nitrate NO3-1
• Nitrite NO2-1
• One less oxygen

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Common Negative Charge Poly- atomic ions

• Acetate C2H3O2-1
• Cyanide CN-1
• Hydroxide OH-1
• Permanganate MnO4-1
• Chromate CrO4-2
• Dichromate Cr2O7-2

Note All -1
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The Positively Charged Polyatomics

• Ammonium NH41
• Hydronium H301 (aka H)

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• Sulfite
• SO32-

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• Hydrogen Carbonate
• HCO31-

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• Phosphate
• PO43-

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• Nitrate
• NO31-

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• Perchlorate
• ClO4-1

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• Nitrite
• NO21-

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• Chlorite
• ClO21-

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Naming Acids

• Hydrogen can act like a metal H1
• Hydrogen as the first element in a compound
  indicates an acid.
• Binary acids are named by adding hydro- to the
  beginning and ic to the end
• HCl Hydro chlor ic Acid
• Polyatomic acids are named by taking the common
  name ending in ate and changing to ic
• H2SO4 from sulfate/SO4-2 sulfuric acid
• Polyatomic compounds with one less oxygen are
  named by substituting ous for ite
• HNO2 from nitrite/NO2-1 nitrous acid

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Naming Bases

• Bases contain the polyatomic anion hydroxide
  OH-1

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Common Ions plus Hydrogen

• Dihydrogen Phosphate H2PO4-1
• Hydrogen Phosphate HPO4-2
• Hydrogen Sulfate HSO4-1
• Bisulfate
• Hydrogen Carbonate HCO3-1
• Bicarbonate