Utility Work Zone Traffic Control

1
Utility Work Zone Traffic Control

• Utility Workers, Foremen
• and Supervisors Module

FHWA Grant No. DTFH61-06-G-00006 Developed by
Wayne State University Bradley University
2
Introduction to the Guidelines
3
Utility Work Zone Traffic Control Guidelines

• Developed for FHWA
• Include recommended traffic control plans
• Temporary traffic control devices
• Meant for electrical, gas, telephone, cable,
  water, sewer, landscaping, others
• Not meant for nighttime or freeway work

4
Reasons for Guideline Development

• Utility work zone activities
• Mitigating safety challenges
• To address gaps in existing guidelines and
  training
• To identify needs through research and practice

5
Need for Utility Work Zone Guidelines

• Shorter in duration
• Different traffic control needed
• Change in travel environment for drivers
• Improve safety
• Reduce utility work zone crashes

6
Perception Reaction Time of Drivers
PIEV
Emotion (Act)
Intellection (Understand)
Volition (Execute)
Perception (See)
PIEV for normal driver is assumed as 2.5 sec
7
Perception Reaction Time of Drivers

• Intellection Identification of cue or stimulus
• Perception recognition or realization that cue
  or stimulus exists that requires
  response
• Emotion determination of appropriate response
  to cue or stimulus
• Volition physical response that results from
  decision

8
Uniformity

• Treatment of similar work site with same traffic
  control
• Traffic control devices
• Color
• Strobe or oscillating lights
• Arrow panels

9
Conspicuity

• Increased through proper traffic control devices
• Using color of work zones ORANGE
• Work zones that stand out from other surroundings
  to passing motorists

10
Recommended Traffic Control Devices and Why?
11
Basic Requirements for Traffic Control Devices

• Fulfill a need
• Command attention
• Convey a clear, simple meaning
• Command respect from road users
• Give adequate time for proper response

Source MUTCD Section 1A.02
12
Temporary Traffic Control Signs

• Message, layout, and configuration per MUTCD
• Construction fluorescent orange color with
  mircoprismatic retro-reflective characteristics
• 2 orange supplemental flags may be mounted
• Size 36 x 36
• Crashworthy

Source MUTCD Figure 6F-2
13
Temporary Traffic Control Signs

• Portable temporary traffic control signs
• Reduce work duration and workers exposure to
  risk
• Placing signage lower to the ground may produce
  a greater impact on the driving population

14
Comparison of Mounting Techniques
15
Comparison of Mounting Techniques

• Drivers tend to look at pavement in
  front of them
• 4º better than 12º cone of vision
• Easier recognition of work zone when signs are
  mounted different than typical signs
• Retractable stands for parked vehicles

Source MUTCD Figure 6F-2
16
Poorly Mounted Signs
17
Sample Work Zone Warning Signs
For Utility Work Zone Applications
For Other Work Zone Applications
18
Arrow Panels

• Guide motorists to change lanes when work
  activities are taking place on the road
• Caution motorists of work activities on or
  adjacent to a shoulder
• To increase visibility and likelihood of drivers
  responding in a safe and timely manner

19
Arrow Panels

• Support panel 48 H x 96 W
• Minimum of 15 lamps
• Front panel with flat, non-reflective black
  background
• Mounted at minimum of 7 from roadway to bottom
  of panel

20
Arrow Panels

• Flash Rate 25-40 flashes per minute
• Angularity requirements For moving operations,
  work in
• urban areas use general-purpose (wide) beam
  panels
• Lamp Requirements Certified by the state lamp
  size of PAR 46 or PAR 36

21
Channelizing Devices

• Provides guidance/delineation to motorists
• Need to be easily installed and removed
• Must be orange and contain retro-reflective bands
• Made of a material that will not damage a vehicle
  if impacted
• 36 taller cones or tubular markers are more
  desirable

Source MUTCD Figure 6F-7
22
Taller Cones

• Use orange taller cones with retro-reflective
  bands
• Preferred over normal traffic cones
• Provides increased visibility
• Transported easily
• Quick installation and removal on-site

23
Barricades

• Contains 1 to 3 rails of markings
• Used to control road users
• Types I, II, and III

24
Warning Lights on Work Vehicles

• Attract the attention of road users
• Potentially hazardous situation
• Sufficient time for taking appropriate action
• Warning light standardization desirable
• Promote driver understanding
• Recognition of lights on work vehicles

25
Warning Lights on Work Vehicles

• Warning lights should be visible to drivers from
  all angles (360 degrees)
• Larger vehicles should be equipped with a minimum
  of three warning lights
• Warning lights should be amber in color

26
Warning Lights on Work Vehicles

• Warning lights should be TURNED ON!

27
Retro-reflective Markings on Work Vehicles

• Visibility increased by the use of
  retro-reflective
• markings and appropriate vehicle colors
• Retro-reflective vehicle markings should
• supplement warning light systems
• Retro-reflective material should be affixed to
  the back of utility work vehicles

28
Retro-reflective Markings on Work Vehicles

• Retro-reflective material should be 4 wide
• (8 is desirable)
• Fluorescent orange, white, and black diagonal
  stripes color pattern

29
Work Vehicles Painted Orange

• Visibility of work vehicle very important
• Orange vehicle is visual cue
• Orange is color for work zones
• Consistency in colors improves safety
• Increases driver awareness and recognition
  of work zone

30
Work Vehicles Painted Orange
Desirable Vehicle Colors
Undesirable Vehicle Colors
31
Work Vehicle Placement

• Place vehicle upstream of work area to shield
  on-foot workers from traffic
• Place upstream to warn vehicles of an upcoming
  work zone
• Place equipment trailers downstream of work area
  to avoid being hit by traffic

32
Improper Placement of Work Vehicle
33
Work Vehicle Not Protected
34
Set-up and Removal of Devices

• Spend least amount of time necessary to set-up
  and remove devices safely
• Perform work as expeditiously as possible to
  reduce exposure
• Decreasing exposure time increases safety
• Use devices that are easily transported

35
Set-up of Traffic Control Devices

• Identify traffic control plan ahead of time
• Plan and discuss traffic control off roadway
• Park work vehicles and equipment to maximize
  safety
• Place traffic control devices as per selected
  plan starting at beginning of work zone

36
Removal of Traffic Control Devices

• Remove immediately following completion of work
• Start at end of work zone
• Only leave in place what is needed
• Know where everything goes in work vehicle so no
  time is wasted

37
Worker Safety and Visibility

• Be concerned with personal safety
• Must wear high-visibility safety apparel at
  all times
• Clothing color orange, yellow, yellow-green, or
  fluorescent versions of these colors
• Must include retro-reflective materials

Worker with proper safety apparel but not
properly protected from traffic
38
Worker Safety Apparel

• Proposed Amendment to MUTCD Section 6D.03
  requires American National Standard For
  High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear
• ANSI (American National Standards Institute) /
  ISEA (International Safety Equipment Association)
  107-2004
• Class 2 and 3 garments
• based on worker activities

39
Other Protective Apparel

• ANSI Compliant Hard Hats
• ANSI Steel Toe Boots
• ANSI Compliant Protective Eyewear

40
Flagger (Traffic Regulator) Training

• For flagger (traffic regulator) training
  information refer to The National Work Zone
  Safety Clearinghouse at http//www.workzonesafety.
  org/training/

41
Suggested Traffic Control Plans / Pedestrian
Issues
42
Utility Work Zone Temporary Traffic Control
Components
43
Temporary Traffic Control Components

• Activity Area work space, traffic space, and
  
• buffer space.
• Advanced Warning Area used to provide warning
• to motorists of an upcoming utility activity.

44
Advance Warning Sign Examples
Missing advance warning signs telling which lane
is closed
No advance warning signs
45
Lane Closure with No Advance Warning
Less than 8 feet
46
Distance Between Traffic Signs

• Note 30 mph used to differentiate between high
  and low speeds due to risks involved

47
Temporary Traffic Control Components

• Tapers gradual transition to direct traffic
  from normal paths to designated path, must be
  free of workers, vehicles, equipment, etc.

48
Different Types of Tapers
Source MUTCD Figure 6C-2 and Table 6C-3
49
Formulas for Calculating Taper Lengths
Source MUTCD Table 6C-4
50
Temporary Traffic Control Components

• Buffer Space (Optional) lateral and/or
  longitudinal area that separates traffic from
  work space, must be free of workers,
  vehicles, equipment, etc.

51
Why Use a Buffer Space?

• Easy to accommodate into plan
• Inexpensive
• Improves worker safety
• Provides additional space between work zone and
  motorists

52
Buffer Space Issues
Used buffer space but no taper
Did not use buffer space
53
Buffer Space Issues
No room for buffer space
54
Temporary Traffic Control Components

• Termination Area area used to return to
  normal path
• Traffic Space portion of highway in which
  road users are routed through the activity
  area

55
Temporary Traffic Control Components

• Transition Area area utilized to move motorists
  
• from their normal path
• Work Space portion closed to road users
  occupied by utility workers, equipment and
  vehicles.

56
Utility Work Beyond Shoulder
gt 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge
gt 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge
WORK
WORK
of roadway or
of roadway or
WORK SITE
WORK SITE
VEHICLE
VEHICLE

gt 0.6m (2 ft) behind curb
gt 0.6m (2 ft) behind curb



where curb and gutter present
where curb and gutter present
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
SHOULDER
SHOULDER


Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Edge of Roadway
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Edge of Roadway
57
Utility Work Beyond Shoulder with Work Vehicle(s)
Parked on Shoulder
gt 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge
gt 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge
WORK SITE
WORK SITE
of roadway or
of roadway or
gt 0.6m (2 ft) behind curb
gt 0.6m (2 ft) behind curb
where curb and gutter present
where curb and gutter present
WORK
WORK
VEHICLE
VEHICLE




SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
SHOULDER
SHOULDER

Edge of Roadway

Edge of Roadway
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
58
Utility Work on Shoulder (Low Traffic Volume and
Low Speed)
WORK VEHICLE
WORK SITE
WORK SITE




SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Edge of Roadway
Edge of Roadway


Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
59
Utility Work Beyond Shoulder with Work Vehicle
Parked on Shoulder (High Traffic Volume and/or
High Speed)
Downstream Taper
Downstream Taper
Buffer
Buffer
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
L/3
(optional)
(optional)
(nominal)
(nominal)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
WORK
WORK
WORK SITE
WORK SITE
VEHICLE
VEHICLE




Taller Cone (Typ.)
Taller Cone (Typ.)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
Lateral Buffer (optional)
3 m (10 ft)
3 m (10 ft)
minimum
minimum
Edge of Roadway
Edge of Roadway


Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
60
Utility Work Beyond Shoulder with Work
Vehicle(s) Parked on Shoulder (High Traffic
Volume and/or High Speed)
Downstream Taper
30 m (100 ft)
100 m
100 m
Buffer
Buffer
L/3
(nominal)
(nominal)
POSSIBLE
POSSIBLE
(350 ft)
(optional)
(optional)
WORK
WORK
WORK SITE
WORK SITE
VEHICLE
VEHICLE




Taller Cone
Taller Cone
(Typ.)
(Typ.)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Lateral Buffer
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
(optional)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER

Edge of Roadway

Edge of Roadway
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
61
Utility Work on Shoulder with no Encroachment on
Roadway(High Traffic Volume and High Speed)
Downstream Taper
Downstream Taper
Buffer
Buffer
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
100 m (350 ft)
Urban
-
L/3
(optional)
(optional)
(nominal)
(nominal)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
-
WORK
WORK
WORK SITE
WORK SITE
VEHICLE
VEHICLE




Taller Cone (Typ.)
Taller Cone (Typ.)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
Lateral Buffer (optional)
3 m (10 ft)
minimum
Edge of Roadway
Edge of Roadway


Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
-
62
Utility Work on Shoulder with No Encroachment on
Roadway(High Traffic Volume and/or High Speed)
Downstream Taper
POSSIBLE
30 m (100 ft)
100 m
100 m
Buffer
Buffer
WORK SITE
L/3
(nominal)
(nominal)
(350 ft)
(optional)
(optional)
WORK
WORK
VEHICLE
VEHICLE




Taller Cone
Taller Cone
(Typ.)
(Typ.)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Lateral Buffer
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
(optional)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER

Edge of Roadway

Edge of Roadway
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
63
Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor
Encroachment(High Traffic Volume and High Speed)
Downstream Taper
Downstream Taper
Buffer
Buffer
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
100 m (350 ft)
Urban
-
L/3
(optional)
(optional)
(nominal)
(nominal)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
-
WORK
WORK
WORK SITE
WORK SITE
VEHICLE
VEHICLE




Taller Cone (Typ.)
Taller Cone (Typ.)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
Lateral Buffer (optional)
3 m (10 ft)
3 m (10 ft)
minimum
minimum
Edge of Roadway
Edge of Roadway


Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
-
64
Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor Encroachment
on Roadway(High Traffic Volume and/or High
Speed)
Downstream Taper
30 m (100 ft)
100 m
100 m
Buffer
Buffer
L/3
(nominal)
(nominal)
(350 ft)
(optional)
(optional)
POSSIBLE
WORK
WORK
VEHICLE
VEHICLE
WORK SITE




Taller Cone
Taller Cone
(Typ.)
(Typ.)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Lateral Buffer
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
(optional)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER

Edge of Roadway

Edge of Roadway
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
65
Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor
Encroachment(Low Traffic Volume and Low Speed)
Downstream Taper
Downstream Taper
Buffer
Buffer
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
L/3
(optional)
(optional)
(nominal)
(nominal)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
-
WORK
WORK
WORK SITE
WORK SITE
VEHICLE
VEHICLE




Taller Cone (Typ.)
Taller Cone (Typ.)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
Lateral Buffer (optional)
3 m (10 ft)
3 m (10 ft)
minimum
minimum
Edge of Roadway
Edge of Roadway


Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
-
66
Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor Encroachment
or Lane Closure on Two-Lane Road (High Traffic
Volume and/or High Speed)
67
Temporary Road Closure
(Temporary Portable
AHEAD
AHEAD
(Temporary
Sign, No Right Turn)
Police Vehicle
Portable Sign, No
Direction of
with Flashers On
Left Turn)
Traffic
(Optional)
Type III
Barricade (Typ.)
SHOULDER
Police Officer in
uniform



regulating traffic
Police Officer in


uniform

regulating traffic
SHOULDER
(Temporary
Portable Sign, No

Oscillating warning lights or
Left Turn)
Police Vehicle
strobe lights operating
A
with Flashers On
(Temporary Portable
(Optional)
Sign, No Right Turn)
AHEAD
AHEAD
68
Right Lane Closure on Near Side of Intersection
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
Lateral Buffer
(optional)

(Optional)


A (Distance
A (Distance
Road Type
Road Type
Edge of
Between Signs)
Between Signs)
Roadway
Buffer
Urban
Urban
(optional)
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)

50 km/h (30 mph)

50 km/h (30 mph)
Urban
Urban
100 m (350 ft)
100 m (350 ft)
L
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
Taller
Taller
L
L
Number of
Number of
A
Cone
Cone
Speed
Speed
(Taper Length)
(Taper Length)
(Typ.)
Lanes Closed
Lanes Closed
(Typ.)
30 m (100 ft)
1
30 m (100 ft)
1

50 km/h

50 km/h
(30 mph)
(30 mph)
A
100 m (350 ft)
2
100 m (350 ft)
2
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
AHEAD
AHEAD
AHEAD
(30 mph)
(30 mph)
290 m (950 ft)
2
290 m (950 ft)
2
Assume 12

lanes
Assume 12

lanes
A

Oscillating warning lights or strobe
lights operating
69
Left Lane Closure on Near Side of Intersection
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
Lateral Buffer
(optional)

(Optional)


A (Distance
A (Distance
Road Type
Road Type
Edge of
Between Signs)
Between Signs)
Buffer
Roadway
Urban
Urban
(optional)
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)

50 km/h (30 mph)

50 km/h (30 mph)
Urban
Urban
100 m (350 ft)
100 m (350 ft)
L
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
Taller
Cone
L
L
A
Number of
Number of
(Typ.)
Speed
Speed
(Taper Length)
(Taper Length)
Lanes Closed
Lanes Closed
30 m (100 ft)
1
30 m (100 ft)
1

50 km/h

50 km/h
(30 mph)
(30 mph)
A
100 m (350 ft)
2
100 m (350 ft)
2
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
LEFT
LEFT
LEFT
(30 mph)
290 m (950 ft)
2
(30 mph)
290 m (950 ft)
2
Assume 12

lanes
Assume 12

lanes
A

Oscillating warning lights or
strobe lights operating
70
Right Lane Closure on Far Side of Intersection
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)
(optional)
(optional)
Lateral
WORK
SITE
Buffer
(optional)

(Optional)


WORK
Buffer
VEHICLE
Buffer
(optional)
(optional)
A
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
A
A (Distance
A (Distance
Road Type
Road Type
Between Signs)
Between Signs)
Urban
Urban
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)
L

50 km/h (30 mph)

50 km/h (30 mph)
Urban
Urban
100 m (350 ft)
100 m (350 ft)
Edge of
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
(Optional)
Roadway
Taller
Taller
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
Cone
Cone
A
(Typ.)
(Typ.)
L
L
L
Number of
Number of
Number of
Speed
Speed
Speed
(Taper Length)
(Taper Length)
(Taper Length)
Lanes Closed
Lanes Closed
Lanes Closed
30 m (100 ft)
1
30 m (100 ft)
1
30 m (100 ft)
1

50 km/h

50 km/h

50 km/h
(30 mph)
(30 mph)
(30 mph)
100 m (350 ft)
2
100 m (350 ft)
2
100 m (350 ft)
2
A
90 m (300 ft)
1
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
AHEAD
AHEAD
AHEAD
(30 mph)
(30 mph)
290 m (950 ft)
2
290 m (950 ft)
2
Assume 12

lanes
Assume 12

lanes
Assume 12

lanes

Oscillating warning lights or
A
strobe lights operating
71
Left Lane Closure on Far Side of Intersection
30 m (100 ft)
(optional)
Lateral
Lateral
Buffer
Buffer
(optional)
(optional)

(Optional)


Buffer
(optional)
A
A
Direction of Traffic
A
A
A (Distance
A (Distance
A (Distance
Road Type
Road Type
Road Type
Between Signs)
Between Signs)
Between Signs)
Urban
Urban
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)

50 km/h (30 mph)

50 km/h (30 mph)
(Optional)
(Optional)
Urban
Urban
Taller
L
L
100 m (350 ft)
100 m (350 ft)
Cone
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
Edge of
Edge of
(Typ.)
Roadway
Roadway
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
A
A
L
L
Number of
Number of
(Taper Length)
Speed
(Taper Length)
Speed
Lanes Closed
Lanes Closed
30 m (100 ft)
1
30 m (100 ft)
1
30 m (100 ft)
1

50 km/h

50 km/h
(30 mph)
(30 mph)
100 m (350 ft)
2
100 m (350 ft)
2
100 m (350 ft)
2
LEFT
LEFT
A
A
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
(30 mph)
(30 mph)
(30 mph)
290 m (950 ft)
2
290 m (950 ft)
2
290 m (950 ft)
2
Assume 12

lanes
Assume 12

lanes
A
A


Oscillating warning lights or
Oscillating warning lights or
strobe lights operating
strobe lights operating
72
Closure in Center of Intersection
Edge of
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Roadway
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
L/2
10

min
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
L/2
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
10

WORK
min
VEHICLE
WORK

SITE


Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
10

min
L/2
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
10

L/2
min
Taller
Cone
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
(Typ.)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
L/2
(Taper
Speed Limit
Length)
15 m (50 ft)

50 km/h (30 mph)
45 m (150 ft)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)

Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
73
Center Lane Closure on a Multi-Lane Road




74
Lane Closure On Two-Lane Road (Restricted
Visibility)
A
A
AHEAD
AHEAD
A
A
A
A
Lateral
Lateral
Buffer
Buffer
(optional)
(optional)
Downstream Taper
Downstream Taper
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)
WORK
WORK
SITE
(Max)
SITE
(Max)

WORK
WORK



VEHICLE
VEHICLE
30 m
30 m
(100 ft)
(100 ft)
max.
max.
A (Distance
A (Distance
A (Distance
Road Type
Road Type
Road Type
Taller
Taller
Between Signs)
Between Signs)
Between Signs)
Edge of
Edge of
Cone
Cone
A
A
Roadway
(Typ.)
Roadway
(Typ.)
Urban
Urban
Urban
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)

50 km/h (30 mph)

50 km/h (30 mph)

50 km/h (30 mph)
Urban
Urban
Urban
100 m (350 ft)
100 m (350 ft)
100 m (350 ft)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
A
A
AHEAD
AHEAD
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic
A
A
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
75
Lane Closure on Two-Lane Road with Unrestricted
Visibility (Low Traffic Volume, Low Speed where
Traffic cannot self-regulate without the use of
Flaggers)
AHEAD
AHEAD
Downstream
Downstream
Taper
Taper
30 m
Buffer
30 m
Buffer
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft) Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft) Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
(100 ft) max
(optional)
(100 ft) max
(optional)






WORK
WORK
WORK SITE
WORK SITE
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
VEHICLE
VEHICLE
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic



Taller Cone (Typ.)
Taller Cone (Typ.)

Lateral Buffer
Lateral Buffer
(optional)
(optional)
Edge of Roadway
Edge of Roadway


Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating


Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating


Urban
-
30 m (100 ft) Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft) Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
AHEAD
AHEAD
76
Lane Closure on Two-Lane Road with Unrestricted
Visibility (Low Traffic Volume, Low Speed where
Traffic can self-regulate without the use of
Flaggers)
Downstream
Downstream
Taper
Taper
30 m
Buffer
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
30 m
Buffer
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)
(100 ft) max
(optional)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
(100 ft) max
(optional)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
WORK
WORK
WORK SITE
WORK SITE
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
VEHICLE
VEHICLE
Direction of Traffic
Direction of Traffic



Taller Cone (Typ.)
Taller Cone (Typ.)

Lateral Buffer
Lateral Buffer
(optional)
(optional)
Edge of Roadway
Edge of Roadway
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
77
Utility Work in Center of Road (Low Traffic
Volumes)
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
Direction of Traffic



Taller Cone (Typ.)
WORK
VEHICLE
3 m (10 ft) MIN
SHOULDER
Edge of Roadway
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Urban
-
30 m (100 ft)
Rural
-
150 m (500 ft)
L/2
L/2
(Taper
(Taper
Speed Limit
Speed Limit
Length)
Length)
15 m (50 ft)
15 m (50 ft)

50 km/h (30 mph)

50 km/h (30 mph)
45 m (150 ft)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
45 m (150 ft)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
78
Outside Lane Closure on Multi-Lane Road
Downstream
AHEAD
AHEAD
Taper
30 m (100 ft)
A
WORK
A
SITE


Direction of Traffic

A (Distance
A (Distance
L
L
Number of
Number of
Road Type
Road Type
Between Signs)
Between Signs)
(Taper Length)
Speed
(Taper Length)
Speed
Lanes Closed
Lanes Closed
Urban
Urban
30 m (100 ft)
1
30 m (100 ft)
1

50 km/h

50 km/h
30 m (100 ft)
30 m (100 ft)

50 km/h (30 mph)

50 km/h (30 mph)
(30 mph)
(30 mph)
100 m (350 ft)
2
100 m (350 ft)
2
Urban
Urban
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
gt50 km/h
90 m (300 ft)
1
100 m (350 ft)
100 m (350 ft)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
gt50 km/h (30 mph)
(30 mph)
290 m (950 ft)
2
(30 mph)
290 m (950 ft)
2
Assume 12

lanes
Assume 12

lanes
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
150 m (500 ft)
Rural
79
Tree Cutting/Trimming Shoulder Closure on a
Two-Lane Road
Longitudinal
Longitudinal
Downstream
Downstream
Buffer Space
Buffer Space
Taper
Taper
WORK SITE
WORK SITE
(optional)
(optional)
L/3
L/3
A
A
WORK
WORK
VEHICLE
VEHICLE


W
W


SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Lateral Buffer Space
Lateral Buffer Space
(optional)
(optional)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
Edge of Roadway
Edge of Roadway
A
A


Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
DISTANCE BETWEEN SIGNS
DISTANCE BETWEEN SIGNS
DISTANCE

A

BETWEEN
DISTANCE

A

BETWEEN
ROAD TYPE
ROAD TYPE
SIGNS IN FEET
SIGNS IN FEET
100
Urban (Low Speed)
100
Urban (Low Speed)
350
Urban (High Speed)
350
Urban (High Speed)
500
Rural
500
Rural
Taper length is L / 3 when there is a shoulder
taper.
Taper length is L / 3 when there is a shoulder
taper.
Taper length is L / 2 when there is a shifting
taper.
Taper length is L / 2 when there is a shifting
taper.
Taper length is L when there is a merging taper.
Taper length is L when there is a merging taper.
Optional downstream taper length is 100 feet
per lane
Optional downstream taper length is 100 feet
per lane
80
Tree Cutting/Trimming Lane Closure on a
Multi-Lane Road
Longitudinal
Buffer Space
Downstream
L
(optional)
Taper
A
A
A


W

Lateral Buffer Space
(optional)

Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights
operating
Edge of Roadway
DISTANCE BETWEEN SIGNS
DISTANCE

A

BETWEEN
ROAD TYPE
SIGNS IN FEET
100
Urban (Low Speed)
350
Urban (High Speed)
500
Rural
Taper length is L / 3 when there is a shoulder
taper.
Taper length is L / 2 when there is a shifting
taper.
Taper length is L when there is a merging taper.
Optional downstream taper length is 100 feet
per lane
81
Pedestrian Issues

• Must identify pedestrian needs
• Should not be forced to enter into work zone
• Should not be forced to enter into roadway
• Pedestrian paths must be maintained

82
Considering Pedestrians

• When existing pedestrian facilities are
  disrupted, closed, or relocated in a TTC zone,
• the temporary facilities shall be detectable
• and include accessibility features
• consistent with the features present
• in the existing pedestrian facility.

Source MUTCD Section 6D.02
83
Examples of Improper Pedestrian Traffic Control
84
Examples of Improper Pedestrian Traffic Control
85
Pedestrian Traffic Control Plans

• Pedestrian Detour for Sidewalk Closure
• Pedestrian Diversion for Sidewalk Closure
• Must be ADA Compliant

86
Sidewalk Detour for Pedestrians U
87
Sidewalk Diversion for Pedestrians V
88
15-Minute Break
89
How do You Select a Proper Traffic Control Plan?
90
Traffic Control Plan Selection

• Location of utility work
• Traffic volume of adjacent road
• Travel speed of vehicles on adjacent road
• Location of lane closure
• Roadway type

91
Location of Utility Work

• Beyond the shoulder - gt 4.6 m (15 ft)
  from edge of roadway OR
  gt 0.6 m (2 ft) beyond curb
• On the shoulder
• On the roadway

Utility Work Beyond Shoulder
Utility Work on Roadway
Utility Work on Shoulder
92
Volume and Speed of Adjacent Road

• Traffic volume of adjacent road low volume or
  high volume
• Travel speed of vehicles on adjacent road low
  speed 50 km/hr (30 mph) or high
  speed gt50 km/hr (30 mph)

93
Location of Lane Closure

• Mid-Block
• Intersection right lane on near side, left
  lane on near side, right lane on
  far side, left lane on far side,
  center of intersection

94
Roadway Type

• Rural vs. Urban
• Two-Lane vs. Multi-Lane

Lane Closure on Rural Two-Lane Road
Lane Closure on Urban Multi-Lane Road
95
Case Study In-Class Exercises
96
Scenario 1

• Sterling Heights, MI
• 17 Mile Road and Ryan Road
• Electrical repair work in eastbound right lane
• Speed Limit 45 mph
• High Traffic Volume

97
Scenario 1
98
Scenario 1
Speed Limit 45 mph High Traffic Volume
99
Scenario 2

• Detroit, MI
• Cass Avenue north of Canfield Street
• Electrical repair work on northbound shoulder
• Speed Limit 35 mph
• Low Traffic Volume

100
Scenario 2
101
Scenario 2
102
Scenario 1 Solution
Ryan Road
17 Mile Road
103
Scenario 2 Solution
Cass Avenue
104
Demonstration of Software Program

• Selection of Utility Work Zone Temporary Traffic
  Control Plans

105
Traffic Control Plan Selection Process
106
Traffic Control Plan Selection Process
107
Traffic Control Plan Selection Process
108
Question Answer
109
Post-Test
110
Course Evaluation