PeertoPeer Networking

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Peer-to-Peer Networking By Peter Diggs Ken Arrant
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P2P VIRTUALPrivate COMMUNITY (VPC)

• Virtual Private Community, enables information in
  Peer-to-Peer services to act as an agent. VPC
  provides a mechanism that defines an agent
  behavior, authenticate users, and executes
  agents.
• Agents for a peer-to-peer service are defined in
  a policy package that consists of a condition
  rule to decide active agents according to user.
• A set of agents (Called roles), and necessary
  information (Contents) for the service.
• Agents communicate with each other through
  communities that are created by agents who have
  accepted the policy packages.
• Services are offered by interaction among agents
  in communities.
• For example, in a music retail service, a
  policy package defines contain two agent
• An authorized agent which can play the
• complete music file.
• And a trial agent which can play only part of
• the music file.

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OVERALL Peer-To-Peer Architecture

• The agents for the system fall into two
  categories.
• Those that send and receive the search
  requests.
• And those that service them against the
  resource and their ontology
• description.
• Agent send out the created search request, marked
  RequestsAgent
• which is defined as the endpoint for
  the results being returned,as either an array of
  results or individual result from the peers
  hosting the resources.
• A search agent receives requests and passes them
  onto the peers it knows about, while at the same
  time performing the search on all the agents for
  each of the resources being shared on that user.
• SearchAgent communicates both with other peers on
  the network and other agents running on the local
  peer.
• The other agents found in the system, marked as
  Resource SearchAgent are designed and built to
  match any search query to the
• resource they know about, whether that
  is a set of files on the system or other
  resources available to users.
• The results are passed back to the SearchAgent on
  the same peer, which then get passed on back to
  the originator.

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ResultsAgent
LOCALT Peer
Resource SearchAgent
SearchAgent
Resource SearchAgent
OTHER Peers
ResultsAgent
ResultsAgent
ResultsAgent
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• LACK OF CONTROL
• Assimilating P2P systems within large
  corporations
• IT people live to centralize data
• To centralize application usage
• Most importantly to centralize their control.
• P2P data is distributed among multiple computers
• Not on a single hyper-secure server.
• P2P is too insecure
• P2P encourages employees to visit unacceptable
• sites on company time.

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UNRELIABLE ACCESS Finding the file you want is
a problem Maybe the user who had the file deleted
it, or moved it to another folder Disconnected
their internet connection and turned off their
PC. A big downside about decentralized file
storage across a P2P network. Problem of file
swapping services.
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Peer-to-Peer Uses

• File Sharing
• Instant Messaging
• Distributed Search Engines
• Group Collaboration
• Distributed Computing

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File Sharing
-Allowing files on one computer to available for
others to download.

• Examples
• Napster
• Gnutella
• -Similar to Napster, but uses third party
  clients to connect to their network
• -http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnutella a
  list of Gnutella clients
• KaZaA
• Mojo Nation
• -First file-sharing application to use
  distributed load balancing.
• Freenet
• -An open-source file sharing program
• Pointera
• -The first legal Napster type file sharing
  software

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Instant Messaging
- Communicating with another person on a network
in real time using text.

• Examples
• AIM
• -Combined with AOLs buddy list there are over 65
  million users
• ICQ
• -The first instant messaging
  program, developed in 1996
• Windows Messenger
• Yahoo! Messenger
• Jabber
• -An open-source instant messaging provider

• Downside
• Most IM providers are not compatible.
• Because of this some providers have joined to
  form IMunified, and organization trying to
  develop open standards for instant messaging.
• Windows Messenger and Yahoo! Messenger are
  members of IMunified.

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Distributed Search Engines

• - Rather than searching content on public web
  sites, distributed search engines search
  individual computers.
• - One computer queries an x amount of other
  computers, which then query the same amount of
  computers. This continues until the query is
  canceled.

• Examples
• JXTA Search
• Pandango
• Copernic

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Group Collaboration

• - Allows multiple users to take part in group
  projects in real time.
• - Uses IM, telephony, video, and file sharing.

• Examples
• Groove Networks
• -Current leading provider
• NetMeeting
• -Microsofts version
• IntraLinks

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Distributed Computing

• Sharing your computer
• Software installed on the computer processes
  activities when the computer is idle. Then it
  uploads the results to the distributed computing
  network
• Allows for processing power similar to large
  mainframes and supercomputers.

• Example Projects
• SETI_at_home
• - Over 3 million participants, analyzes radio
  waves looking for intelligent life in outer
  space.
• United Devices
• - Includes projects for genetic and cancer
  research.

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Security

• Blocking access on your computer to a single
  folder
• Access Control restricting access to certain
  files and folders (Windows XP sharing and
  security option)
• Viruses - Worries are more with the speed a virus
  can spread than the ease of it, its just as easy
  to get a virus through email.
• Providing similar file names to trick
  downloaders, if someone is looking for YMCA.mp3
  the virus may be named YMCA.exe
• Wrapping Disguising a file type as a different
  type, such as disguising an .exe file and an .mp3
  file.
• File sharing can be used to stop viruses by
  spreading virus updates (MyCIO.com)