SCOOP - System For Collaborative Open Ontology Production

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SCOOP - System For Collaborative Open Ontology
Production

• A Knowledge Management tool that understands the
  content it manages.
• AAAI-SSS AMKM
• 26 March 2003

Adam Pease, John Li Teknowledge apease
jli_at_teknowledge.com
http//projects.teknowledge.com/RKF http//ontolog
y.teknowledge.com
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System Overview
GUI
Language Interface
Simple Workflow
Theorem Prover
Formal Ontology
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Problem Addressed

• Developers need to know whether they
• Share content with other developers
• Conflict with other developers content

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Whats New

• Using theorem-proving to maintain consistency
  among KEs/SMEs
• Vertical Consistency consistency among theories
  used by a single developer
• Horizontal Consistency consistency among
  theories created by several developers
• Building on existing SCOOP workflow, coordination
  and voting support

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Consistency Support

• Redundancy results in warnings
• Redundacy among developers triggers suggestion
  for statement lifting
• Lifting results in redundant statement being
  moved to a common file/theory
• Contradiction results in errors
• Users must retract contradiction among his own
  files/theories
• Users may keep contradictions with respect to
  other developers files, at the price of
  prohibiting further diagnostics with respect to
  those files

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Voting

• Majority vote
• Authors vote is a tie-breaker
• Other weighted voting schemes easily adopted

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Dimensions of Knowledge
Person/Source/Domain
Knowledge Modules
Knowledge Compartments
Formality
Knowledge Versions
Time
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Benefits of history

• Regression to earlier versions
• problematic content can be removed and the system
  returned to an earlier state
• Change tracking
• track the evolution of system components
• understand why things were done
• understand how system must be modified to support
  other changes

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System Overview
GUI
Language Interface
Simple Workflow
Theorem Prover
Formal Ontology
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SUMO

• Incorporates over 50 publicly available sources
  of high-level ontological content
• Available in KIF (first order logic), DAML and
  LOOM
• May be used without fee for any purpose
  (including for profit)
• Refined extensively on the basis of input from
  SUO mailing list participants
• Mapped by hand to all 100,000 WordNet synsets
• 47 publicly released versions created over two
  years (approximately 1,000 concepts, 4000
  assertions, and 750 rules so far)

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Whats in the SUMO?

• Structural Ontology
• Set/Class Theory
• Number Hierarchy
• Quantities and Units of Measure
• Biological Taxonomy
• Temporal Concepts
• Mereotopology

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SUMO Structure
Structural Ontology
Base Ontology
Set/Class Theory
Numeric
Temporal
Mereotopology
Graph
Measure
Processes
Objects
Qualities
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SUMO Sources

• PSL
• Enterprise Ontology
• ITBM-CNR ontologies
• Unrestricted-Time
• Representation
• Anatomy
• Biologic-Functions
• Biologic-Substances
• topics
• meronymy
• topology
• topo-morphology
• localization
• assessment
• structuring-concepts
• physical-concepts
• top-level
• social-objects
• Quantities

• Ontolingua ontologies
• component-assemblies - Gruber and Olsen
• product-ontology - Fikes
• physical-quantities - Brauch
• scalar-quantities - Gruber and Olsen
• unary-scalar-functions - Gruber and Olsen
• abstract-algebra authored - Genesereth, Gruber
  and Olsen
• kif-extensions
• kif-relations
• kif-sets
• frame-ontology - Mribiere
• okbc-ontology - Xpetard
• Standard Dimensions - U Madrid, Spain
• Simple-Time - Mribiere
• Standard-Units - Loeser Pinto
• Agents - Arnaoudova
• KIF-Numbers

• Allen - temporal ontology
• Pease - Core Plan Representation
• Borgo, Guarino, and Masolo's - Formal Theory of
  Physical Objects
• Casati and Varzi - Theory of Holes
• Level verb taxonomy
• Russell and Norvig - upper ontology
• Smith - Formal Theory of Fiat/Bona Fide
  Boundaries/Objects
• Sowa - upper ontology
• Whitten - Starter KB

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Domain Specific Ontologies

• Finance and investment
• Real Estate
• Terrain features
• Computers and Networks (Quality of Service)
• Periodic table of elements
• North American Industrial Coding System
• ECommerce services
• Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction
• Air force planning and operations
• Army planning
• Ontologies developed outside Teknowledge
• Biological viruses
• Intellectual property
• Linguistic elements

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System Overview
GUI
Language Interface
Simple Workflow
Theorem Prover
Formal Ontology
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Simple Language Example

• "The dog bites the man"
• Shows both simple noun mappings and a simple verb
  mapping
• (exists (?D ?M ?E)
• (and
• (instance ?E Biting)
• (instance ?D Canine)
• (instance ?M MalePerson)
• (agent ?E ?D)
• (patient ?E ?M)))

There exists a biting event, a canine and a male
person such that the canine is the agent of the
biting and the male person is the patient of the
biting.
?d,m,e Biting(e) ? Canine(d) ? MalePerson(m) ?
agent(e,d) ? patient (e,m)
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System Overview
GUI
Language Interface
Simple Workflow
Theorem Prover
Formal Ontology
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Simple Language Generation

• Term translation
• Relation templates
• Use C-like printf statements
• Result is awkward but usually grammatical
• Preserves deep meaning
• English (Sevcenko), German (Wulf), Czech
  (Sevcenko), Italian (Ulivieri Molino)
• Hindi, Telugu, Tagalog, Chinese, Russian in
  progress

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Plans

• Problem resolution heuristics - Knowing which
  statement to retract
• Metrics for statement use
• Statement assertion recency
• User weighting
• Proof summarization
• Tree-based visibility selection, hide
  transformations with one premise
• Hardening
• Improved control panel
• Testing
• Installation packaging

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Plans

• Scaleup
• How to handle 10 users, 100 users
• Coordination techniques change
• Refine the agenda
• Avoid deadlock
• Hierarchical conflict detection
• Misc
• Better voting tabulation
• Pluggable voting policy
• Inference-based relevance searching