Biometric Security Devices

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Biometric Security Devices

• Tamara Chenelle Smith

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Outline

• Definition of Biometrics
• Where it all started
• Fingerprint reader
• Current Types of Biometric Devices
• RFIDs (Radio Frequency Identification Devices)
• Types of RFID Devices
• Implantable RFIDs
• Current Uses of Implantable RFID Devices
• Problems with RFIDs
• Smart cards
• Contact Smart Cards
• Contactless Smart Cards
• Voice Recognition

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Definition of Biometrics

• Automated methods of recognizing a person based
  on a physiological or behavioral characteristic
• Among the features measured are face,
  fingerprints, hand geometry, handwriting, iris,
  retinal, vein, and voice

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Where it all started

• The earliest form of biometrics still used to
  today is fingerprinting
• began in the 1300s in China
• Chinese took the childrens fingerprints in order
  to differentiate one from another

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Fingerprint Reader

• was not widely used again until the 1890s,
• it was implemented into the criminal justice
  system
• least expensive form of electronic biometrics
• reliable form of identification
• Also known as fingerprint authentication.

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Fingerprints
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Current Types of Biometric Devices

• RFIDs (Radio Frequency Identification Devices)
• RFID is an automatic biometric authentication
  device. According to Wikipedia, An RFID tag is
  a small object that can be attached to or
  incorporated into a product, animal, or person.
• RFID tags were first inserted in animals in order
  to find lost pets.

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Types of RFID Devices

• Passive
• Semi-Passive
• Active

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Passive

• cheaper to manufacture
• There are no batteries allowing them to be used
  as an disposable RFID tracking tool
• no internal power supply

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Semi-Passive

• These RFIDs are the same as passive, except they
  often contain a small battery

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Active

• also known as beacons
• used to track objects when they may be moving
• Also used in areas that are not conducive for
  Radio frequency waves to move freely, such as
  water and animals, even humans
• average battery life of these sensors is 10 years

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Implantable RFIDs

• unique identifier that has many different uses
• devices allows for the tracking of items from
  state to state, and country to country, even the
  position of humans

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Current Uses of Implantable RFID Devices

• For accessing medical records
• VeriChip medical database
• VeriChip has implemented a medical database that
  can be accessed using a unique identifier that is
  read off the chip
• it can be a lifesaver if someone were to have a
  very life threatening health problem and could
  not communicate with the doctors

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• Inserted just below the skin.
• Outpatient procedure
• Uses a dormant microchip to access a number
  (unique 16 digit number) that is used to access a
  database with medical information.
• Made of silicon glass, so the body does not
  reject.
• Approved by FDA in 2004.
• Potential Risks
• Electrical hazards.
• MRI incompatibility severe patient burns.
• adverse tissue reaction.
• migration of the implanted.

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Problems with RFIDs

• Identity Theft
• stops someone from reading the implantable chips
  and stealing ones identity.
• Susceptible to virus attacks.
• There are no programs or software implemented
  that would protect the device from virus attacks.
  
• Can silently ID people 25 feet away.
• the information stored on the chip.
• In Spy Chips the authors indicate the ability
  for one to be able to scan users with a device
  and see a description of everything they are
  wearing or even what they are carrying in their
  purse or briefcase, such as high end technical
  devices.

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• There for life.
• Cannot be easily removed from the body after
  insertion.
• Moral ethical concerns.
• Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle signed a law making
  it illegal to require an individual to be
  chipped. This law went into affect in May 2006.
• Some Christians believe that implantable RFIDs
  are the mark of the beast that is referenced in
  the Book of Revelation.
• Privacy concerns.
• Related directly to ability to track ones
  movement, scan someones clothes or luggage in
  order to commit crimes.

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NO NEED FOR A KEY Sean Darks, chief executive of
CityWatcher.com, shows how he unlocks a door
Monday in Cincinnati with a VeriChip implant that
he had inserted in his right forearm.
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Smart cards

• Originated in the 1970s
• user inserts a credit card like card into a
  device in order to authenticate the device for
  use by the user
• first used in 1983 for French pay phones
• there are two types of smart cards contact and
  contact-less readers

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Contact Smart Cards

• make contact with the reader
• chips do not contain batteries
• current chip system is in affect at Indiana
  University of PA (IUP)
• I-card
• allows students or parents to load money onto the
  I-card

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Contact less Smart Cards

• A smart card is like a credit card
• embedded with a microprocessor
• The card needs to be in close proximity for the
  card to be read
• primarily used as memory cards
• smart cards are commonly used in the United
  States as SIM cards
• Can be found in cell phones (Nextel, t-mobile)

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Voice Recognition

• requires nothing but ones voice
• involves a user speaking into a microphone and a
  device authenticating a user by the patterns in
  their voice
• voice recognition is not the same as speech
  recognition
• is the process of converting a speech signal to a
  sequence of words
• the technology by which sounds, words or phrases
  spoken by humans are converted into electrical
  signals

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??Questions??

• Thank you!