Review of NAPA guidelines at COP 8 (SB 17) Nov 2002 ... NAP

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Methods for Identifying Urgent Adaptation Needs
and Actions under the LDC NAPA

• Dr. Paul V. Desanker
• Vice-Chair, UNFCCC LDC Expert Group
• Miombo AIACC Project AF38

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Outline

• Policy Intervention and Policy Development to
  address Climate Change
• What are NAPAs?
• Adaptation Funding
• Overview of Methods for NAPA
• Results
• Problems and Next Steps

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UNFCCC Support for adaptation in developing
countries

• Article 4.4 Developed countries shall assist the
  developing countries in meeting costs of
  adaptation to Climate Change. Relevant issues
  under negotiation include
• National Communications
• Capacity Building
• Technology Transfer
• Financial Mechanism through GEF
• Article 4.8 and 4.9
• Methodologies

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UNFCCC support for LDC needs

• Article 4.9 Parties shall take full account of
  the specific needs and special situations of the
  least developed countries in their actions with
  regard to funding and transfer of technology.

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Marrakesh Accords, 2001

• Decision 5/CP.7 Support for adaptation in
  developing countries. Establishment of an LDC
  work programme.
• Decision 27/CP.7 Guidance on LDC Fund.
• Decision 28/CP.7 NAPA Guidelines.
• Decision 29/CP.7 Establishment of the LDC
  Expert Group (LEG).

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Important timelines

• First LEG meeting (Arusha) Feb 2002
• GEF operational guidelines on LDC Fund Mar 2002
• SBI 16 endorsement of LEG programme of work June
  2002
• Second LEG meeting (Bonn) July 2002
• Review of NAPA guidelines at COP 8 (SB 17) Nov
  2002
• Further guidance on LDC Fund at COP 8 Nov 2002
• Third LEG meeting (Samoa, last week)
• COP 9 to review progress, need for continuation,
  revised TORs of LEG
• COP 9 to provide guidance on funding of NAPA
  activities

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National Adaptation Programme of Action

• Objective Serve as a simplified and direct
  channel of communication for information relating
  to the urgent and immediate adaptation needs of
  the LDCs
• Needs addressed through projects and activities
  that may include capacity building and policy
  reform
• Confidence about need for action based on strong
  results from IPCC that climate change is happening

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• IPCC TAR has concluded that available
  observational evidence indicates that regional
  changes in climate, particularly increases in
  temperature, have already affected a diverse set
  of physical and biological systems in many parts
  of the world.

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There is emerging evidence that some social and
economic systems have been affected by the recent
increasing frequency of floods and droughts in
some areas, IPCC TAR.
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Mozambique floods in 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 wet
seasons highlighted the need for urgent action,
and the need for a mechanism for communicating
those needs
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www.grida.no/climate
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Those with the Least Resources have the Least
Capacity to Adapt and are the Most Vulnerable

• Ability of human systems to adapt to and cope
  with climate change depends on such factors as
  wealth, technology, education, information,
  skills, infrastructure, access to resources, and
  management capabilities.
• There is potential for developed and developing
  countries to enhance and/or acquire adaptive
  capabilities.
• Populations and communities are highly variable
  in their endowments with these attributes, and
  the developing countries, particularly the least
  developed countries (LDCs), are generally poorest
  in this regard.

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Goals and Objectives

• The goal of NAPA is to lay out a plan of action
  about how to build capacity to adapt to climate
  change and how to enhance coping strategies to
  adverse impacts of climate and climate change
• An important characteristic of NAPAs is the
  emphasis on rural communities, and the use of
  traditional knowledge about coping strategies,
  and the need for the process to be bottoms-up so
  it can capture most important vulnerabilities of
  stakeholders
• Critical for NAPAs to including major stakeholder
  groups, and to be coupled to national development
  plans and activities

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What is the end product?

• Not simply another lengthy document to join the
  ranks of important national action plans
• Not simply an opportunity to get busy with yet
  another enabling activity
• NAPA should be a bottoms-up action plan that has
  broad acceptance and is action-oriented.
• While the process will be comprehensive to arrive
  at the NAPA, the final product should be a
  concise and well justified list of actions and
  projects to address priority vulnerabilities for
  the country, or at least to build the capacity to
  address those vulnerabilities

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The NAPA

• The NAPA would thus be a concise document that
  would communicate those urgent needs that a
  country may have, and a ranked list of actions to
  address these needs, including project briefs.
• NAPA is not an obligation it is an opportunity
  for those that have urgent needs
• NAPA is a bottoms-up approach, designed to build
  enable communities of stakeholders in countries
  to have an active role in enhancing their
  adaptive capacity

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How about the National Communication (NC) as a
mechanism for expressing adaptation needs in LDCs?

• The NC is a top-down, obligation for parties to
  communicate their emissions and plans for
  mitigation, and some statement about mitigation
  and adaptation needs
• LDCs are not required to submit a NC within 3
  yrs, although at least 20 of them have submitted
  their first national communication
• These NCs do not address urgent adaptation needs
  to the level of detail that would be easily
  translated into an action.
• The long time required to produce a NC is not
  suited for addressing and communication urgent
  and immediate needs

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Participatory Rapid Integrated Vulnerability and
Adaptation Assessment (PRIVA) in Support of
NAPAResources- NAPA Primer- Annotated
Guidelines for NAPA Preparation- PRIVA Tool on
CD
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Overall Approach

• The steps are divided into three levels of effort
  depending on quality of available information
• Level I present assessments adequate to assist
  in identifying NAPA adaptation activities using
  participatory approach
• Level II hazards, risks and coping known, but
  assessments of vulnerability and adaptation not
  available. Adequate to conduct a one-pass
  participatory rapid assessment and result in
  adaptation options
• Level III hazards, risks and coping unspecified,
  so some assessment of these required before
  adaptation options can be derived

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Research Questions

• What are rapid assessment methods for identifying
  urgent and immediate needs for adaptation? What
  criteria to rank urgency and ensure equity
  amongst most vulnerable groups in country?
• How engage multiple stakeholders and communities
  in selection of options and ranking of
  priorities?
• What international policy interventions are
  needed to address special needs of LDCs?
• How should adaptation activities in LDCs be
  funded?
• What are data and capacity needs in LDCs to
  implement NAPAs?

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Approach

• International policy development and negotiation
• Process for NAPA development at national level
  that promotes mainstreaming of climate change in
  development planning
• UNFCCC LDC Expert Group to provide advice to LDC
  parties

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Major Problems Solutions

• Uncommon understanding
• Non-Obligatory nature of NAPA NAPA an
  opportunity
• Relationship with National Communication
• Home for NAPA environment ministry versus
  broader
• Methods for Ranking Needs and Activities
• Country-drivenness
• Intervention
• Regional workshops by LEG to interact with
  parties