ESLELL Teaching Strategies in Different Contexts

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ESL/ELL Teaching Strategies in Different Contexts

• Education 453

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Integrating Language and Content Instruction
Strategies

• Key visuals
• Guided reading
• Integrated vocabulary instruction
• Integrated grammar instruction
• Writing scaffolds
• Journals
• The writing process
• Guided projects
• Integrating the arts
• Alternative resource material

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Four Approaches

• Rather than learning to use English, students
  use English to learn it
• Communicative approach
• Content-Based (SIOP)
• Whole language whole texts (Vygotsky)
• Language experience/process writing
• journaling
• Task Based (guided projects)
• Participatory Approaches

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Methodology Behind Coelhos Approach Almost
Immersion

• 1. The communicative approach
• Communicative competence
• Interdependence of language/communication
• EFL classroom
• Communication results from
• Information gap
• Choice
• Feedback

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Techniques of Communicative Approach

• Authentic materials (newspaper article)
• Scrambled sentences
• Language games
• Picture strip story cartoons
• Role play
• Problem solving tasks

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Other Communication Approaches

• 2. Content Based
• Integrates the learning of language with the
  learning of academic subject matter
• Mainstream classroom, designated ESL subject
  classes
• Sheltered Content Instruction

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Sheltered Instruction

• Means for making grade level content such as
  science, social studies, and math more accessible
  for English language learners wile also promoting
  English development
• Introduced 1980s by Stephen Krashen
• Involves all four language processes
• Speaking, writing, listening, speaking
• Real life activities

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Principles of Sheltered Instruction

• Visuals
• Modified texts and assignments
• Attention to linguistic needs
• Adaptation of academic content to language
  proficiency level of student
• Adapting speech sufficient wait time
• Key vocabulary instruction/grammar principle
• Set of specific techniques (SIOP)

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Techniques of Sheltered Instruction

• Modeling
• Hands on manipulatives
• Realia
• Commercially-made materials
• Teacher made pictures
• Overhead projector
• Demonstration
• Multimedia
• Timelines
• Graphs
• Bulletin board
• Maps

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Lesson Planning/Delivery

• Clear language objectives and content objectives
• Teacher selects key academic terms overhead
  transparency
• Word banks picture associations
• Shorter sentences simpler syntax
• natural, slower speech, more pauses between
  phrases

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Rationale for SIOP

• Given how long it takes for individuals to
  become proficient in a second language cannot
  afford to postpone academic study
• Precision teaching best teaching practices
  additional supports

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3. Task-based Instruction

• Problem-solving negotiation between knowledge
  that the learner already has and new knowledge
• Information gap activity
• Reasoning gap activity
• Opinion gap activity
• Project work
• Real world emphasis

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4. Participatory Approach

• Focuses on issues of concern to learner
• Teacher draws themes from listening to students
• Curriculum based on specific problem solving
  process
• Teacher is co-learner asking questions of
  students who are the experts on their own lives
• Knowledge is a tool to help students find voice
• Edit to get meaning across most effectively
• Students create on materials
• Self evaluation of learning and self directed
  learners