Ch 2 Archetypes of Leadership by Fenwick English

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Chapter 2 (Dr. Fenwick W. English) The Art of
Educational LeadershipBalancing Performance and
Accountability
Misty M. Morgan William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
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The Origins of Leadership

• Joseph Campbells Universal Life Leadership
  Journey

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Personal Leadership Journey Miyamoto Musashi

• Musashi believed that great warriors (leaders)
  needed to create a calm and stable platform
  called bujutsu. It is a form of mental self
  control that is necessary before control can be
  exerted over other people and situations.
  (Preventive awareness)
• Steps to attaining the proper mental attitude
  included
• Determine what is correct and true.
• Place science into daily practice.
• Know the arts. Honor the crafts.
• Realize that everything has positives and
  negatives. Search them out.
• Acquire the capacity to observe things
  accurately.
• Know that important things are not always
  obvious.
• Attend to the smallest detail.
• Avoid extraneous activities.
• Point to Ponder Do we see present-day
  implications for leadership and decision
• making within Musashis guidelines?

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Personal Leadership Journey Miyamoto Musashi

• Musashi also placed great emphasis on the
  physical attributes needed to master the craft of
  leadership. Referred to as kenjutsu (Japanese for
  art of the sword), it involves knowledge, moves,
  and sleights of hand required in master
  swordplay.
• Both bujutsu (mental) and kenjutsu (physical)
  comprise an archetype of leadership with
  correlates rooted in our present-day leadership
  style.

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Barbers Presidential Leadership Model

• Character How a person faces him or herself
• World View How a leader perceives his or her
  environment
• Style The way a leader acts upon his or her
  world view
• Power Situation Political forces already in
  play when a person assumes a leadership role
• Climate of Expectations The predominant needs
  thrust up to a leader by the people
• - Reassurance People need to feel that
  everything will be okay
• - Requirement of the people to feel as if the
  leader will engage in progress
• and action
• - Legitimacy No politics as usual the
  people need to feel as if the new leader will
  take the moral high ground

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Barbers Presidential Leadership Model, contd.
Leadership Types Characteristics
Active-Positive Motivated by results supremely goal oriented
Active-Negative Strongly upwardly mobile, seeks power as a reward. Perfectionist only goal is to gain power and retain it
Passive-Positive Low self esteem only want to be admired and loved. Run from conflict and resort to protocol to make decisions
Passive-Negative Believe they should be leading because they think they should be. Only meaning in an otherwise useless life.
Point to Ponder Can you think of educational
leaders for whom you have worked or know who fit
into one of Barbers 4 leadership types?
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The American Monomyth

• Idyllic setting in small town America (Eden)an
  ordinary existence until normalcy is threatened
  by evil
• A superhero must resolve the conflict (lawman,
  stranger, Superman)
• Redemptive resolution Townspeople are saved by
  vigilantes or a stranger who disappear into the
  sunset when the danger has passed
• Americans have long held their form of
  government and their way of life to be under
  attack by vicious despots and dictators
• - Declaration of Independence
• - September 11, 2001
• They (myths) are the real glue that holds
  peoples and nations together. For many, they are
  integral in sustaining personal and social
  psychic health. In the Western world, the myth
  supports the system or the establishment, and
  the establishment in turn sanctions the myth.

Point to Ponder What influence does the American
Monomyth carry in educational leadership?
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The Role of the Female in Leadership Archetypes

• Noted author Patricia Reilly (A God Who Looks
  Like Me) shined a painful light on the history of
  religion and the role of women.
• Early images of God as the Father and of the
  immoral first woman Eve, combined with male
  savior figures such as Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed
  helped lay the early groundwork for female,
  guilt, submission, and acceptance of men as the
  natural leaders of women. They became enormous
  psychic barriers for women and gave men a false
  sense of their natural leadership abilities.
• Despite our understanding of gender stereotypes,
  the characteristics traditionally associated with
  women are at odds with the characteristics
  traditionally associated with leadership.
• Leadership biases are even more prevalent against
  women of color, gays, bisexuals, and
  transgendered persons in educational
  administration

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Concluding Thoughts

• The point that should be internalized from this
  chapter is how our past has shaped our present in
  terms of leadership. How we proceed in the future
  depends largely upon the act of coming to grips
  with yourself, who you are, where you are, and
  what is of value to you, and shaping yourself by
  acts of conscious will into what you want to
  become.