Cells

1
Cells

• What is Life?

2
Guesses as to what life is

• What do you think are the characteristics of life?

3
Five Properties of Life

• Cellular organization
• Metabolism
• Reproduction
• Homeostasis
• Heredity (DNA)

4
Cell Parts

• Organelles

5
Cells

• Objectives for this Chapter
• Understand how the nature of water affects the
  cell
• Understand the cell membrane and all of its parts
• Understand what is inside the cell and how it
  works

6
What limits the size of a Cell?

• Surface area to volume ratio?
• Why is it important?

7
Water and its role

• Water is a ______ molecule
• What happens because of this?
• What happens at the cell membrane?

8
Inside the Cell

• Two main types
• Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotes
• What makes them similar?
• What makes them different?

9
Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic cells
• Early cells, very basic
• Only have membrane and DNA
• Bacteria
• Eukaryotic cells
• All other cells

10
Cell Structure

• Eukaryotic cells have three basic parts
• Cell membrane- outer border
• Nucleus- control center
• Cytoplasm- material between membrane and nucleus

11
Cell Membrane Architecture

• Its called a lipid _______ .
• How does that help?
• What else is there besides the bilayer?

12
Cell Membrane Proteins

• What do they do for the cell?
• 1
• 2
• 3
• Are they in fixed positions?

13
Cell Wall

• Some cells have extra protection with a cell wall
• Plants and algae
• Surrounds cell membrane
• Two layers pectin- gluey, helps hold cell
  together
• Cellulose, fiborous, makes wall eleastic

14
Cytoplasm

• The entire inside of the cell is a jello like
  substance called the cytoplasm
• Contains organelles

15
Organelles

• What are the major organelles?

16
Mitochondria

• The ________ of the cell
• Convert _____ to a form of energy called ____
  that the cell can use
• Two layers
• outer membrane-Protection
• Inner membrane- folds to increase surface area
• Power station

17
Chloroplasts

• Only found in ______ cells
• The organelle where ___________ takes place
• Are usually ______ in color
• Changes light from sun into chemical energy
• Power station

18
Endoplasmic Reticulum

• These are used to direct various molecules around
  the cells to where they are needed
• Sacs that transport materials around cell
• Manufacturers

19
Two Types of ER

• Smooth ER
• Some cells store chemicals
• Rough ER
• Ribosomes are stuck to outside
• Modifies proteins

20
Ribosomes

• Site where _____ are made
• Often found on the ________ _______
• Some found free
• Composed of RNA and Protein
• Smallest organelle
• Protein Factories

21
Golgi Bodies

• Used for packaging of cell contents for use at
  various sites around the cell
• Collects, packages, and distributes molecules
  made at one location and used in another
• Shippers

22
Lysosomes

• Clean Up Crew
• Endocytosis- engulfing large particles to bring
  them into cell.
• Digests the material by using enzymes
• Found by golgi bodies
• Not in plant cells
• Break down junk around the cell, like old
  organelles

23
Vacuoles and Plastids

• Storage Tanks
• Store water, salts, proteins and carbs
• Plants have one big vacuole filled with water,
  which helps support
• Plastids have many forms, chloroplasts is one
• Store food and pigment

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Cytoskeleton

• Framework
• Cells have many shapes
• Round, cubical, long and slender
• Cells have movement of themselves or organelles
• Filament and fiber, microtubules which form
  centrioles

25
Check out some online animations

• http//science.nhmccd.edu/biol/bio1int.htmcell