10 Facts About Cells

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10 Facts About Cells

• By the Class of 2013

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1. Cells are to small to be seen without
magnification

• By Kristian M, Amanda H, and
• Noelly M

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What is a microscope?

• A microscope is an instrument to see objects too
  small for the naked eye.

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Microscope Timeline
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Optical Microscope

• The first microscope was an optical microscope.
  It was made in 1590.

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What is an Optical Microscope?

• The optical microscope is the most common type
  of microscope. It contains one of the more lenses
  producing an enlarged image.

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Electron Microscope

• Next was the electron microscope. It was
  developed in the early 1900s by Ernest Ruska.

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What is an Electron Microscope?

• An electron microscope is a microscope that
  produces an electronically magnified image of a
  specimen for detailed observation.

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Scanning Probe Microscope

• In the 1980s came the first scanning probe
  microscopes. It was developed by Gerd Binning and
  Heinrich Rohrer.

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What is a Scanning Probe Microscope?

• A scanning probe microscope is a branch of
  microscopy that forms images of surfaces using
  using a physical probe that scans the specimen.

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Fluorescence and light Microscopy

• Fluorescence and light microscopy is the most
  recent developed. It was developed in the 20th
  century.

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What is a Fluorescence Microscope?

• A florescence microscope is an optical microscope
  used to study properties of organic and inorganic
  substances using fluorescence and phosphorescence.

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2. Two main types of cells.

• What are the two main types of cells?

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The two main cells are.

• Eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotic cells
• These are the two main types of cells.

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What they are.

• Eukaryotic is an organism whose cells contain
  complex structures that set prokaryotic away from
  eukaryotic cells.

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Prokaryotic

• Prokaryotic cells are the nucleus or the main
  thing they are the brain of cells.

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What they mean.

• Prokaryote means pro first karyote nucleus
• Eukaryote means eutrue karyotenucleus

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What they do.

• The cells in the body make skin and all your
  other things everybody is made of multicells
  everybody is multicellular. They make scabs when
  you get cut and make up pretty much everything in
  your body.

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4. There are More Bacterial Cells than Human
Cells in the Body.

• By Ambrosia and Alicia

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Humans Carry More Bacterial Cells than Human Cells

• You are more bacteria then you are you.
• We are always washing our hand spraying our
  counter tops doing just about anything to kill
  germs.
• But what most people dont know is that we have
  colonies of germs in our bodies, starting from
  our skin to the deepest recesses of our guts.

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All the Bacteria in Your Body

• The bacteria in your body will fill a half gallon
  jug.
• We have 10 times more bacteria cells in your body
  than human cells says Carlyn Bohach a
  microbiologist at the University of Idaho (V.I)
• Even though there are a lot of bacterial cells in
  your body they dont take up that much space,
  because bacteria cells are far smaller then human
  cells.
• Although have more bacterial cells sounds gross.
  It is actually a very good thing.

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It Begins at Birth

• The infestation begins at birth its a baby you
  ingest mouthfuls of bacteria during birthing and
  you pick up plenty more from your mothers and
  skin and milk.
• During breast feeding, the mammary glands become
  colonized with bacteria.
• Throughout our lives we consume bacteria un our
  food and water and many other places.

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500 Species

• Starting at tie month, nose or other orifices,
  these microbes travel though the esophagus
  stomach and / or intestine- locations where most
  set up camp.
• Although there are estimated 500 species lung at
  any one time un an adult intestine the majority
  belong to two phyla, the firmicites and the
  bacteroidetes.

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Researchers change their tune

• For a long tune, scientists assumed that these
  bacteria, despite their number, neither did us
  much harm nor much good. But un the past decades
  or so, researchers change their tune.
• Bacteria produce chemicals that help us harness
  energy and nutrients from our food.
• Intestinal bacteria also appear to keep our
  immune system healthy. Several studies suggest
  that microbes regulate the population and density
  of intestinal immune cells by aiding in the
  development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues
  that mediate a varity of immune functions.

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6.Cells Contain Structures called Organelles

• By Leticia
• Mikie

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Organelles

• In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized
  subunit within a cell that has a specific
  function, and is usually separately enclosed
  within its own lipid bilayer.
• Organelles are identified by microscopy, and can
  also be purified by cell fractionation.
• There are many types of organelles, particularly
  in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes were once
  thought not to have organelles, but some examples
  have now been identified.

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• In biology, organs are defined as confined
  functional units within an organism.
• Credited as the first to use a diminutive of
  organ for cellular structures was German zoologis
  Karl August Möbius (1884), who used the term
  "organula .
• It would take several years before organulum, or
  the later term organelle, became accepted and
  expanded in meaning to include subcellular
  structures in multicellular organisms.

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7. Different types of cells reproduce through
different methods

• By Adrianna Chacon
• Natasha Salazar

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Asexual

• Asexual Reproduction- Process in which a single
  cell or set of cells produces offspring that
  inherit all their genetic material from one
  parents.

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Binary Fission

• Some organisms reproduce by simple cell division,
  in which a single cell or group of cells each
  duplicates its genetic material and then splits
  into two new genetically identical cells.

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Sexual

• Sexual reproduction- Process in which genetic
  material from two parents combines and produces
  offspring that differ genetically from either
  parents.

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Gametes

• Sexual reproduction involves the union of sex
  cells (gametes), such as an egg and a sperm.

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Unicellular Organisms

• Some unicellular organisms can reproduce sexually
  and some with sex cells can also reproduce
  asexually.

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8.Groups of Similar Cells Form Tissues

• By Rose Valdez and Alondra Villalba

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Groups of Similar Cells Form Tissues

• Tissues are groups of cells with both a shared
  structure and function. Cells that make up animal
  tissues are sometimes woven together with
  extracellular fibers and are occasionally held
  together by a sticky substance that coats the
  cells. Different types of tissues can also be
  arranged together to form organs. Groups of
  organs can in turn form organ systems.

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Cell Structure
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• Animal Cell

• Plant Cell

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Tissues
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9. Cells have Varying Life Spans
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How Long do Cells Live?
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How Long do Human Cells Live?
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Cells Commit SuicideBy Deandre and Cherise
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Apoptosis

• Apoptosis is a process by which cells in
  multi-cellular organisms commit suicide.

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Cells that are induced to commit suicide..

• Shrink
• Develop bubble like blebs on their surface.
• Have the chromation in the nucleus degraded.
• Have the mitochondria break down with the release
  of cytochrome.
• Break into small, membrane-wrapped, fragments.
• The phospholipids, which is normally hidden
  within the plasma membrane is exposed on the
  surface.

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Cells that are induced to commit suicide..

• Shrink
• Develop bubble like blebs on their surface.
• Have the chromation in the nucleus degraded.
• Have the mitochondria break down with the release
  of cytochrome.
• Break into small, membrane-wrapped, fragments.
• The phospholipids, which is normally hidden
  within the plasma membrane is exposed on the
  surface.

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Why should a cell commit suicide?

• 1. Programmed cell death is needed for proper
  development of mitosis.
• ex The resorption of the tadpole tail at the
  time of metamorphosis into a frog occurs by
  apoptosis.
• 2. Programmed cell death is needed to destroy
  cells that represent a threat to the integrity of
  the organism
• ex Cancer cells

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Apoptosis is triggered by internal and external
signals
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Resources

• www.google.com
• www.google.com/images
• www.wikipedia.com
• http//vitanetonline.com
• Scientificamerican.com