The water cycle or Hydrologic cycle is the recycling process of water between oceans, atmosphere and

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The water cycle or Hydrologic cycle? is the
recycling process of water between oceans,
atmosphere and land.
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Quick review
How does water vapor enter the atmosphere? By
what two processes?
Evaporation- liquid to gas Transpiration- water
vapor released by plants
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Distribution of water on Earth
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Important terms

• Infiltrate- When water seeps or sinks into the
  ground.
• Run Off- precipitation can flow over Earths
  surface and return to rivers, lakes and oceans
  and re-enter the water cycle.
• Water retention- precipitation is stored or
  retained on land surface as ice or snow

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Runoff
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Factor affecting infiltration

• Degree of saturation- the more saturated the
  loose material and ground is the less
  infiltration that will occur.
• Vegetation reduces infiltration

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• 3. Slope of the land

The steeper the slope of the land the less water
that can seep into the ground. Steep slope less
infiltration.
Example On the side of a mountain less water
will seep in than in the bottom of a valley that
is flat.
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4. Porosity

• Porosity- The percentage of open space in a
  material compared to the total volume.
  Determines the amount of water or air a material
  can hold.
• Shape, packing and sorting effect porosity

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Factor affecting porosity

• 1. Shape well-rounded particles have greater
  porosity than angular or plate-shaped particles.
  Well rounded particles do not fit together as
  tightly.
• 2. Packing The more closely packed particles
  are the lower the porosity.
• 3. Sorting When all particles are about the
  same size they are sorted
• When particles are mixed in all different sizes
  they are unsorted.
• Unsorted particles have less porosity. Small
  particles can fit between larger particles
  filling in the space and lowering porosity

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Sorting and Porosity
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5. Permeability

• Permeability- the ability of a material to allow
  fluids such as water to pass through.
• Material can be porous and impermeable
• How well connected the pores or openings in
  the rock are determines the permeability.

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6. Capillarity- water is stopped for moving
downward by attractive forces between water
molecules.Capillary Action- Movement of water
upward from the water table to the surface
against gravity.When size of particles
increases, porosity increases this reduces
capillarity.
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7. Land Use

• How people use the land affects how much water
  seeps into the ground. Roads parking lots, and
  building covers create a surface the is
  impermeable to liquids.

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• Why does runoff occur?
• Precipitation rate is greater than infiltration
  rate
• Pore spaces are saturated with water
• Slope of surface is too great
• Water on surface is not evaporating of
  sublimating into a gas.
• Runoff increases stream discharge

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Factor affecting Climate
Climate Controls These factors affect how a
climate will be. Latitude Planetary wind
pressure belts Ocean and other large bodies of
water Mountains Elevation Ocean
Currents Vegetation
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• Stream discharge- The volume of water flowing
  past a certain spot in a stream over a certain
  period of time.
• Climate- The overall view of a regions weather
  conditions over a long period of time. (10s of
  thousands of years)
• The average temp and amount of moisture play
  key roles in the determination of a climate.

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• Latitude Temp
• Lower latitude warmer temps all year
• Ex Equator
• High Latitude Cold temps all year.
• Ex North Pole

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• Large bodies of water
• moderate temp. Land near water will cool and
  heat slower. Water has a high specific heat.
• Surface Ocean Currents
• Warm currents bring warmer temps and cold
  currents bring cooler temps.
• Ex the gulf stream brings England and Ireland
  warmer temps
• Elevation
• the higher the elevation the cooler the
  weather.
• Ex Now capped Mtns.

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• Mountains
• mountain can block winds causing a moist area
  on one side of the mountain (windward) and a dry
  areas on the other (leeward).

Clouds Precipitation
Air sinks, compresses and warms. DRY AIR
leeward
windward
Air rises, COOLS and condenses
wind
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• Vegetation
• The more vegetation/plants the more humid the
  climate.
• Ex Rain Forest very moist
• Desert has few plant and is very dry

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