Suggestions concerning MPEG-21 Digital Item Method operations and their implementation

1
Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL
as building blocks for storing and disseminating
complex digital objects
Jeroen Bekaert, Patrick Hochstenbach and Herbert
Van de Sompel Research Library, Prototyping
Team Los Alamos National Laboratory
2
Context

• Uniform approach for storing and disseminating
  LANL data collections
• Interesting characteristics of the repository
  architecture
• Distributed by design
• Use of MPEG-21 DIDL to represent complex objects
  DIDs
• Multi-faceted use of OAI-PMH to access the
  repository
• Use of NISO OpenURL to access the repository
• Dynamic binding of behaviors to DIDs
• Use of XMLTape for storing collections of DIDs

3
Using MPEG-21 DIDL to represent complex digital
objects
Research Library, Prototyping Team Los Alamos
National Laboratory
4
Motivation

• Potential impact of MPEG-21
• MPEG ISO/IEC Committee
• MPEG-1/MPEG-2/MPEG-4/MPEG-7/MPEG-21
• Expected industry support
• MPEG-21 Vision MPEG-21 defines a normative
  open framework for multimedia delivery and
  consumption for use by all the players in the
  delivery and consumption chain
• Applicability to Digital Libraries
• Ability to accomodate any media type and genre
• MPEG-21 is modular
• MPEG-21 Part 2 DIDL representation of digital
  objects
• MPEG-21 Part 3 DII identification of digital
  objects
• MPEG-21 Part 4 IPMP enforcement of rights
  expressions
• MPEG-21 Part 5 REL declaration of rights
  expressions
• MPEG-21 Part 7 DIA transcoding based on
  contextual information
• MPEG-21 Part 10 DIP association of behaviors

5
MPEG-21 DIDL - 1. Data Model

• Abstract Definitions W3C XML Schema
• Entities
• a Container didlContainer
• an Item didlItem
• a Component didlComponent
• a Resource didlResource
• a Descriptor didlDescriptor
• Remarks
• not a cookbook
• further profiling is necessary (applications/commu
  nities)

6
MPEG-21 DIDL - 1. Data Model
7
MPEG-21 DIDL - 2. Descriptors

• Secondary information pertaining to Entities
• MPEG-21 defined uses
• identification information MPEG-21 Part 3 DII
• rights information MPEG-21 Part 5 REL / Part
  4 IPMP
• processing information MPEG-21 Part 10 DIP
• community/application specific uses
• cf. LANL use

8
MPEG-21 DIDL - 2. Descriptors - Identifiers
9
MPEG-21 DIDL - 2. Descriptors - rights
10
MPEG-21 DIDL - 2. Descriptors - behaviors
11
MPEG-21 DIDL at LANL

• 2 questions
• How to map datastreams of complex objects of the
  LANL repository to the DIDL data model
• How to use Descriptors to meet the design goals
  of the repository and its associated applications
• LANL DID profile, explained by means of the
  following example
• A complex object consisting of
• LANL technical report
• 1 file pdf
• id infolanl-tr/LA-9870
• metadata record
• 2 versions raw MARC record and derived MARCXML
  file
• id infolanl-opac/LANLb10012271

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LANL DIDs grow in breadth, not in depth
Relationships expressed in RDF
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All LANL data is created equal
Relationships expressed in RDF
14
LANL DID Descriptors - relationships
15
LANL DID Descriptors - relationships
ltdidlItemgt ltdidlDescriptorgt
ltdidlStatement mimeType"text/xml
charsetUTF-8"gt ltdirRelations
xmlnsdir"http//library.lanl.gov/2003-11/STB-RL/
DIR"gt ltrdfRDF xmlnsrdfhttp//www.w
3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-nsgt
ltrdfDescription rdfabout"infolanl-opac/LANL
b10012271"gt ltaisPartOf
xmlnsa"http//purl.org/dc/terms/"gt
ltrdfDescription rdfabout"infosid/
library.lanl.govlanl-opac"gt  
ltbhasType xmlnsb"http//library.lanl.
gov/2003-11/STB-RL/Relations"
rdfresource"http//library.lanl.gov/2003-11/STB-
RL/Collection"/gt   lt/rdfDescriptiongt  
lt/aisPartOfgt
lt/rdfDescriptiongt
ltrdfDescription rdfabout"infolanl-opac/LANLb10
012271"gt ltbisDescriptiveMetada
taOf xmlnsbhttp//library.lanl.gov/2003
-11/STB-RL/Relations rdfresource"info
lanl-tr/LA-9870"/gt
lt/rdfDescriptiongt lt/rdfRDFgt
ltdirRelationsgt lt/didlStatementgt
lt/didlDescriptorgt ltdidlItemgt
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LANL DID Descriptors - relationships
isDescriptiveMetadataOf
hasDescriptiveMetadata
isPartOf
isPartOf
hasType
hasType
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LANL DID Descriptors - identifiers

• DID-identifier Container-level
• Content-identifier Item-level
• When a single datastream has an identifier, it
  must be treated as an Item. (1.)
• When multiple datastreams share an identifier,
  their combination must be treated as an Item.
  (2.)
• All Items must have an identifier. (3.)

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LANL DID Descriptors - identifiers
19
LANL DID Descriptors - placeholder for behaviors
20
LANL DID Descriptors - placeholder for behaviors
stored DID
disseminated DID
ltdidlItemgt ltdidlDescriptorgt
ltdidlStatement mimeType"text/xml
charsetUTF-8"gt ltdipObjectType
xmlnsdip"urnmpegmpeg21200201-DIP-NS"gt
urnfoobarArgumentlt/dipObjectTypegt
lt/didlStatementgt lt/didlDescriptorgt
lt/didlItemgt
Content Item
ltdidlDescriptorgt ltdidlStatementgt
ltdiprProfilegt content-stream
lt/diprProfilegt lt/didlStatementgt lt/didlDescrip
torgt
Profile/ BehaviorRegistry
MPEG-21 dipObjectType
ltdidlItemgt ltdidlDescriptorgt
ltdidlStatement mimeType"text/xml
charsetUTF-8"gt ltdipArgument
xmlnsdip"urnmpegmpeg21200201-DIP-NS"gt
urnfoobarArgumentlt/dipArgumentgt
lt/didlStatementgt lt/didlDescriptorgt
ltdidlResourcegt function PlayTrack()
lt/didlResourcegt lt/didlItemgt
Processing Item
MPEG-21 dipArgument
dynamic insertion of behaviors
21
Using the OAI-PMH and the OpenURL as building
blocks for storing and disseminating DIDs
Research Library, Prototyping Team Los Alamos
National Laboratory
22
Storing DIDs in OAI-PMH repositories
techReport
OAI-PMH identifier
DID-identifier OAI-PMH datestamp
datetime of ingestion OAI-PMH response
DIDs
techReport
ftp
LANL
baseURL(1)
AI
AI
ftp
baseURL(2)
AI publisher
FTXT
FTXT
ftp
publisher
baseURL(3)
Expose
Ingest
23
XMLTape a special OAI-PMH repository

• XMLTape
• XML wrapper for DIDs
• Zipped
• Zipped file is made accessible through OAI-PMH
• Index (DID-identifiers and datestamps) based on
  byte offset and byte count in zipped file

XMLTape
DID-identifier Datestamp of ingestion
DID-identifier Datestamp of ingestion
DID-identifier Datestamp of ingestion





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Repository Index keeping track of OAI-PMH
repositories
techReport
baseURL(1)
AI
baseURL(2)
Repo Index
baseURL(index)
Expose
25
Identifier Resolver locating DIDs and Items
techReport
DID-id
Content-id
Content-id
AI
baseURL(2)
Repo Index
baseURL(index)
Expose
26
OAI-PMH access to DIDs across repositories
techReport
DID
AI
FTXT
Expose
DID-level access
27
OpenURL access to Items across repositories
techReport
AI
FTXT
Expose
Item-level and DID-level access
28
Summary of repository access methods
OAIS Result Set
OAIS Dissemination Information Package(s)
29
OAI-PMH Federator in a distributed architecture
Repo Index
30
OpenURL gateway in a distributed architecture
OAI 1
Repo Index
31
Overview of the LANL architecture
TechReport
OAI-PMH
ftp
LANL
OAI PMH
OAI PMH
AI
OAI-PMH Federator
MPEG-21 DIP Engine
ftp
DID with PI
AI publisher
DID
FTXT
Identifier Resolver
ftp
publisher
Registry of trans- formations
Profile/ BehaviorRegistry
OpenURL
FTXT
ftp
publisher
OpenURL
OAI PMH
Ingest
Repo Index
32
Acknowledgements

• This research is conducted by the Prototyping
  Team of the LANL Research Library Luda
  Balakireva, Jeroen Bekaert, Patrick Hochstenbach,
  Henry Jerez, Xiaoming Liu, Thorsten Schwander and
  Herbert Van de Sompel
• The Prototyping Team of the LANL Research Library
  wishes to thank
• Rick Luce at the LANL Research Library for making
  this research possible and for his continued
  encouragement.
• Miriam Blake and Beth Goldsmith from the
  Development Team of the LANL Research Library for
  valuable feedback regarding the LANL DID.
• Multimedia Lab of the Ghent Univeristy for
  sharing their MPEG-21 knowledge.