Set Up Module

About This Presentation

Title:

Set Up Module

Description:

... a red push-pin in the bottom left blue area of your screen), advance ... At the bottom left of your screen there are two tabs (Data View and Variable View) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:36

Avg rating:3.0/5.0

Slides: 113

Provided by: rb786

Learn more at: http://www.ssric.org

Category:

more less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Set Up Module

1
Set Up Module

Section 1

2
Interactive Introduction to SPSS Statistical
Software

Elizabeth Bigham, Ph.D.
California State University San Marcos May 2007 -
Funded by SSRIC
If you have not done so, save this file as a
slide show (.pps) and view as a slide show.
Use the double-down arrows in the bottom right
hand corner of this window to Advance to next
slide.

3
Set-Up Instructions - 1

Follow the set-up instructions (first 6 slides)
before you begin the module.
This module requires the use of SPSS and DeskPins
software. DeskPins keeps the instructional window
on top so you can see it while you complete the
SPSS exercises.

4
Set-Up Instructions - 2

If you have DeskPins on your computer (you would
see a red push-pin in the bottom left blue area
of your screen), advance to Set-Up Instructions
6.
If you do not have DeskPins already, print out
the instructions on the next 4 slides (slides 3,
4, 5, 6) and follow the directions to download
this free program.

5
Set-Up Instructions - 3

Open an internet window.
Go to http//users.forthnet.gr/pat/efotinis/progra
ms/deskpins.html
Scroll down and Select DeskPins v1.30
Select Save gt Save gt Open

6
Set-Up Instructions - 4 Your screen should look
like this.
7
Set-Up Instructions - 5

Double left click on DeskPins 1.30 setup
Select Extract all gt Next gt Next gt Next gt Finish
Select DeskPins 1.30 setup installer gt Run gt
Next gt Install
When Completed appears in the upper left corner
of the window, select Close
Close the DeskPins window
Restart you computer to activate the DeskPins
program and then return here and continue with
Set-Up Instructions 6.

8
Set-Up Instructions - 6

DeskPins should now be installed (you should see
a red push-pin at the bottom right corner of your
screen).
Left click on the red push-pin (pick up a pin)
Left click on this screen (you should see a red
push-pin appear in the blue area above)
Shrink this window to approximately 20 of the
size of your screen and move it to the bottom
right hand corner of your screen.
This will allow you to carry out the exercises in
SPSS while viewing the instructions.
Now you are set-up and ready to begin the module!

9
Introduction to SPSS

Section 2

10
Interactive Introduction to SPSS Statistical
Software

Welcome,
This module was designed to introduce you to
SPSS statistical software. It is an interactive
presentation for students who have successfully
completed a lower division statistics course and
are ready to begin conducting computerized
statistical analysis.

11
Learning Objectives

You will learn to
set-up a data entry page
work with variables, such as add, move, and
recode them
perform descriptive analysis
conduct simple correlations

12
Directions

Remember to use the double-down arrows to
Advance to next slide (or go back and review
slides) at your own pace.
Words in italics refer to a location.
Words in quotes are words you type.
Bold indicates a selection (to click on).
The symbol gt indicates that you move to the next
step.

13
Getting Started

Data collection methods vary and the capabilities
of SPSS are tremendous.
For this introductory module, we will use a
simple survey (on the next slide) as part of a
hypothetical study.
Take a look at the Sample Survey and note the
information that is collected with each item.

14
Sample Survey

Participant __
Gender M F Age __ Year__
Current GPA ___ High School GPA ___
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? __

15
Open SPSS

Open SPSS Start gt All Programs gt SPSS for
Windows gt SPSS 14.0 for Windows
Your Version number may be different.
A medium size window will open.
Select Type in Data gt OK

This first screen (Data View) is where you enter
data - one participant per row, one variable per
column.
If it is not full screen with this window on top
(example on next slide), hit the full screen
button at the top right hand corner of your
screen.

17
Your screen should look like this.
18

For the rest of the module, the small
instructional window will not be in the pictures
that show what your screen should currently look
like.
See the next slide for an example.

19
Your screen should look like this.
20
Set-up a Data Entry Page

Section 3

21
Set Up Columns

Switch to Variable View. At the bottom left of
your screen there are two tabs (Data View and
Variable View). Select Variable View. (This
screen is where you enter information about your
variables - one variable per row.)

22
Your screen should look like this.
23

The first column is Name. This is where you enter
the name of your first variable (do not use
spaces). Type Case and move down one line.
You will notice that across the first row the
cells fill with information when you move down a
line. These are the default settings. We will
start by changing only a couple in this exercise.
On the second line under Name. Type Gender
Move down one line and type Age

24
Your screen should look like this.
25

Continue -
Move down one line and type GPA
Move down one line and type HSGPA
Move down one line and type Confidence (This
will be the name for the question about
confidence.)
Move down one line and type CompExp (This will
be the name for the question about how much
computer experience they have.)

26
(No Transcript)
27
Coding

In response to the survey item Gender, your
participant will circle M or F. SPSS will need a
number that indicates Male and a number that
indicates Female.
Go to Line 2 (Gender) and move over to the Values
column, click on the cell and then on the 3 dots
shaded in grey. A Value Labels window will
appear. Enter 1 in the Value box and Male in
the Label box. Select Add. Then type 2 and
Female. Select Add gt OK.

28
(No Transcript)
29

You can write in information that explains the
variable in the Label column.
Go to line 6 (Confidence) and move over to the
Label column and type On a scale of 1 to 10
with 10 being the most, how confident are you
that you will learn statistics?
Move down to the Label column of line 7 (CompExp)
and type How many years of computer experience
have you had?

Adjust the column width by putting your cursor
over the gray area on the dividing line between
Label and Values. Hold the left click button (to
grab the line) and move your mouse to the left.

The Measure column is where you indicate the
Level of Measurement of the variable. Choices are
Nominal, Ordinal, or Scale (Interval or Ratio).
Go to line 1 (Case) and click on the Measure
column. Click on the down arrow and select
Nominal.
Go to line 2 (Gender) and click on the Measure
column. Click on the down arrow and select
Nominal.
Leave the remaining lines at the default value
(Scale).

32
(No Transcript)
33
Enter Data

Section 4

34
Enter Data

Switch to Data View. At the bottom left of your
screen select Data View.
In the upper left portion of your screen, select
View and, if Value Labels is not checked, select
Value Labels

35
(No Transcript)
36

Type 1 in the first line of the Case column.
Move over to the Gender column and click on the
down arrow in the cell. Select Male
Move over to Age and type 23
Move over to GPA and type 3.2
Move over to HSGPA and type 3.11
Move over to Confidence and type 6
Move over to CompExp and type 5

37
(No Transcript)
38
You have just finished entering the data from
this survey (Participant 1).

Participant _1_
Gender M F Age _23_ Year F
Current GPA _3.2_ High School GPA _3.11_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _5_

39
Now enter the data from the next 9 surveys.

Participant _2_
Gender M F Age _25_ Year So
Current GPA _3.0_ High School GPA _2.9_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _2_

Participant _3_
Gender M F Age _31_ Year Sn
Current GPA _2.7_ High School GPA _2.5_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _15_

Participant _4_
Gender M F Age _27_ Year J
Current GPA _3.9_ High School GPA _3.6_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _4_

Participant _5_
Gender M F Age _27_ Year So
Current GPA _3.11_ High School GPA _3.2_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _8_

Participant _6_
Gender M F Age _22_ Year F
Current GPA _3.0_ High School GPA _3.4_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _2_

Participant _7_
Gender M F Age _21_ Year Sn
Current GPA _3.5_ High School GPA _3.8_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _9_

Participant _8_
Gender M F Age _28_ Year J
Current GPA _2.22_ High School GPA _2.7_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _5_

Participant _9_
Gender M F Age _21_ Year Sn
Current GPA _2.9_ High School GPA _3.1_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _1_

Participant 10_
Gender M F Age _27_ Year Sn
Current GPA _3.3_ High School GPA _3.1_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _7_

48
Save your file

Whenever you work with data, you should be sure
to save your file often.
Go to File gt Save As gt (choose a location)
Type your last name in the File Name box.
Select Save

49
(No Transcript)
50
Work with Variables

Section 5

51
Add a variable

Click on the top grey portion of the GPA column
to highlight the column. At the top left of your
screen, select Edit gt Insert variable.

52
(No Transcript)
53

At the bottom left of your screen, select
Variable View. Double click on VAR00001 (it will
turn blue) and type Year to give the new
variable (Year Level) a name.
Move over to the Values column, click on the cell
and then on the 3 dots shaded in grey. Type 1
in the Value box and Freshman in the Label box.
Select Add. Type 2 and Sophomore. Select
Add. Type 3 and Junior. Select Add. Type 4
and Senior. Select Add gt OK.

54
(No Transcript)
55

At the bottom left of your screen, select Data
View.
Click in the Year column of line 1, select the
down arrow then select Freshman.

56
You have just finished entering the Year Level
for your first participant.

Participant _1_
Gender M F Age _23_ Year Fr
Current GPA _3.2_ High School GPA _3.11_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _5_

57
Now enter the Year Level for the other 9
participants (these are the same surveys).

Participant _2_
Gender M F Age _25_ Year So
Current GPA _3.0_ High School GPA _2.9_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _2_

Participant _3_
Gender M F Age _31_ Year Sn
Current GPA _2.7_ High School GPA _2.5_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _15_

Participant _4_
Gender M F Age _27_ Year Ju
Current GPA _3.9_ High School GPA _3.6_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _4_

Participant _5_
Gender M F Age _27_ Year So
Current GPA _3.11_ High School GPA _3.2_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _8_

Participant _6_
Gender M F Age _22_ Year Fr
Current GPA _3.0_ High School GPA _3.4_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _2_

Participant _7_
Gender M F Age _21_ Year Sn
Current GPA _3.5_ High School GPA _3.8_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _9_

Participant _8_
Gender M F Age _28_ Year Ju
Current GPA _2.22_ High School GPA _2.7_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _5_

Participant _9_
Gender M F Age _21_ Year Sn
Current GPA _2.9_ High School GPA _3.1_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _1_

Participant 10_
Gender M F Age _27_ Year Sn
Current GPA _3.3_ High School GPA _3.1_
On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that
you will learn statistics?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Not at All Very
How many years of computer experience have you
had? _7_

66
Your Data View file should look like this -
67
Move a variable

Click on the top grey portion of the Year column
to highlight the column.
Press and hold a Left click then use your mouse
to move the cursor to in between the Gender and
Age columns.
Drop (stop pressing the Left click) the Year
column.

68
(No Transcript)
69
Recode Variables

The Confidence variable indicates students'
responses to the question On a scale of 1 to 10,
how confident are you that you will learn
statistics? Their responses are currently Scale
data (1 10). To make a comparison of the
participants who answered with a low, medium, or
high response, you can create groups (Nominal
data).

Select Transform gt Recode gt Into Different
Variables.
Highlight the Confidence question on the list and
click on the arrow to move Confidence into the
Input Variable box.
Type ConfLoHi in Output Variable Name. Click
on the Change button.

71
(No Transcript)
72

Select Old and New Values. Under Old Value,
select Range.
Type 1 in the top box and 3 in the box under
through.
Type 1 in the Value box under New Value.
Click Add.
Type 3 in the top Range box under Old Value
and 6 in the lower box.
Type 2 in the Value box under New Value.
Click Add.
Type 7 in the top Range box under Old Value
and 10 in the lower box.
Type 3 in the Value box under New Value.
Click Add.

73
(No Transcript)
74

Click on Continue gt OK
The new variable will appear at the right hand
side of your current variables.

75
(No Transcript)
76

At the bottom left of your screen, select
Variable View
Go to line 9 (ConfLoHi) and move over to the
Values column. Click on the cell and then on the
3 dots shaded in grey. Type 1 in the Value box
and Low in the Label box. Select Add. Type 2
and Medium. Select Add. Type 3 and High.
Select Add

77
(No Transcript)
78

Select OK

79
Perform Descriptive Statistics

Section 6

80
Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics describe the status of
variables. How you describe the status of
variables depends on the level of measurement of
the variable. Recall that SPSS uses Nominal,
Ordinal, and Scale (Interval or Ratio).
Nominal and Ordinal variables, such as Gender,
could be reported as Frequency ( or number of
Males and Females).
Scale variables, such as Age, could be reported
by stating the Minimum, Maximum, Mean, and
Standard Deviation (Ages ranged from 18 to 64
years old with an average age of 27 (SD9.81)).

81
Calculate Frequency

Select Analyze gt Descriptive Statistics gt
Frequencies
Highlight Gender on the list and click on the
arrow to move Gender to the Variable(s) box.
Highlight ConfLoHi on the list and click on the
arrow to move ConfLoHi to the Variable(s) box
Be sure that Display Frequency Tables is checked
Select Charts
On the Frequencies Charts box, select Bar
charts and Percentages gt Continue gt OK.

82
(No Transcript)
83

Notice that a 2nd file is now open.
Each time you perform an analysis, the output
will be added to the output file.
When you save, you will need to save both your
data file (.sav) and your output file (.spo).
Go to File gt Save As gt (choose a location)
Type your last name in the File Name box.
Select Save

84
Review the Output

Frequencies the number of valid and missing data
entries for Gender and ConfLoHi
Frequency Table the number of data entries for
each level of Gender (how many Males and Females)
and ConfLoHi (how many Low, Medium, and High)
followed by Bar Charts

85
Calculate Minimum, Maximum, Mean, Standard
Deviation

Select Analyze gt Descriptive Statistics gt
Frequencies to open Frequencies.
Select Reset
Highlight Age, GPA, HPGPA, and the 2 questions
(Confidence and CompExp) on the list and click on
the arrow to move them to the Variable(s) box.
Be sure that Display Frequency Tables is checked
Select Statistics. Check Mean, Standard
Deviation, Minimum and Maximum
Select Continue gt OK

86
(No Transcript)
87
Review the Output

Frequencies the number of valid and missing data
entries for these variables now includes Mean,
Standard Deviation, Minimum, Maximum.
Frequency Tables the number of data entries for
each level of these variables (one table for each
variable). If there are many levels of a
variable, the Frequency Table provides
information that is very detailed. Instead, the
variables Mean, Standard Deviation, Minimum, and
Maximum are typically reported.

88
Calculate for Multiple Variables

Determine the frequency of a combination of
variables, such as how many of each Gender are at
each level of ConfLoHi
Select Analyze gt Descriptive Statistics gt
Crosstabs
Highlight Gender and click on the upper arrow to
move Gender to the Row(s) box.
Highlight ConfLoHi and click on the lower arrow
to move ConfLoHi to the Column(s) box.
Check Display clustered bar charts
Select Cells. Check Percentages for Row, Column,
and Total
Select Continue gt OK.

89
(No Transcript)
90
Review the Output

Case Processing Summary the number of valid,
missing, and total data entries for Gender and
ConfLoHi (participants that answered both
questions)
Crosstabulation the number (and percentages) of
data entries for each level of both variables
(rows are levels of one variable and intersect
with columns which are levels of the other
variable).
Works best with nominal or ordinal variables

91
Conduct Simple Correlations

Section 7

92
Correlation

A Pearson correlation analyzes relationships
between parametric, linear (interval or ratio
which are Scale in SPSS) variables. If ordinal,
use Spearman Rho even if not from a normal
distribution.
You can enter several variables and get a matrix
of the direction and strength (-1 to 1) of
relationships.

To examine the relationship between GPA and
Confidence, start by restating the hypothesis.
Hypothesis
It is hypothesized that there will be a
significant positive relationship between GPA and
Level of Confidence .
This is directional so it is one-tailed.
Variables and Level of Measurement
Variable1 GPA (Scale)
Variable 2 Level of Confidence (Scale)

Select Analyze gt Correlate gt Bivariate
Highlight GPA and the Confidence question on the
list and click on the arrow to move them to the
Variables box.
Check Pearson, One-tailed, and Flag significant
correlations.
Select Options. Check Means and standard
deviations. Select Continue gt OK

95
(No Transcript)
96
Review Output

Descriptive Statistics Here are the Means,
Standard Deviations, and N for GPA and Level of
Confidence.
Correlations The variables are listed across the
top and down the side so that they intersect
within the grid. Each intersection box has the
value of the correlation, then the significance
level, then the N.

Find the numbers in the statement below on the
output at the intersection of GPA and Level of
Confidence (the question about confidence)
There was a positive correlation r(10) .883, p
lt .01 between GPA and Level of Confidence.

98
(No Transcript)
99
Scatter plot

A scatter plot is a common method of displaying
the results of a bivariate correlation. You can
add a third variable by entering it at set
markers by.
One variable is represented on each axis and the
dots represent the intersection of participants
scores on the two variables.

100

Select Graphs gt Scatter/Dot gt Simple Scatter gt
Define
Highlight GPA. Click the arrow to move it to the
Y Axis box.
Highlight Level of Confidence question. Click the
arrow to move it to the X Axis box.

101

Select Titles.
In the Footnote Line 1 box, type Figure 1. There
was a significant positive relationship between
GPA and Level of Confidence.
Select Continue gt OK

102
(No Transcript)
103

SPSS Graphs are easily edited and copy/pasted
into your document. You can change the Axis
labels, colors, sizes, etc. in the Chart Editor.
Place your curser over the chart and double-left
click. Now double click on the X Axis label (On a
scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the most, how
confident are you that you will learn
statistics?). A the blue box appears around the
text. (Close the Properties box that pops up.)
You can now change the label by deleting the old
label and typing Level of Confidence

104
(No Transcript)
105

Click outside the box onto the SPSS Viewer to
close the Chart Editor and the change will be
made to your graph.
If you wanted to use your graph in a document,
you would just right click then Copy / Paste it
into your document.

106

Good Job!
You have almost completed the module.
Just 2 more steps.

107
Post Test

Section 8

108

Step 1 -
Print the output file (SPSS Viewer)
Select File gt Print gt OK

109

Step 2 -
Get out a blank sheet of paper and answer the
questions on the next page.
If you find that they are difficult for you to
answer, you should go back through the module,
review your statistics text, or consult with your
professor.

110
Post - Test

What percentage of the participants were females?
What was the average number of years of computer
experience?
How many males were in the High Confidence group
and how many females in that group?
Was the relationship between GPA and Confidence
significant (lt.05)?
Did your graph display the difference between
variables or the relationship between variables?

111
Congratulations