LMO RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER THE IPPC AND THE CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY

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LMO RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER THE IPPC AND THE
CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY

• Velia Arriagada Rios
• Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero,
• Chile

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The IPPC pest definition

• Any species, strains or biotype of plant, animal
  or pathogenic agent injurious to plant or plant
  products,

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Important to highlight

• The IPPC pest definition does not prejudge about
  the genetic condition of the any species,
  strains o biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic
  agent
• When the ISPM N 11 was revised to include the
  LMO s, its inclusion does not alter the scope of
  the original ISPM N11 and only clarify issues
  related to LMO s.

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The new challenges

• The change in the application of scientific
  research necessitates that NPPOs must now assess
  the plant pest risk of organisms that have not
  been recognized before as obvious plant pests but
  nevertheless may pose a Phytosanitary risk.

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The reasons to formulate ISPM N11

• to identify pests or pathways of quarantine
  concern
• To evaluate the risk of pest or pathways
• to identify endangered areas
• if appropriate, identify risk management options.

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RELEVANT STEPS IN THE PRA

• Request to import a conventional or modified
  plant or plant product
• The plant or plant product could be a potential
  pest?
• To make a list of pest likely to be associated
  with the plant or plant product
• To Assess which of the pest follow the pathway
• To consult the NPPO of country of origin about
  the official pest status
• To compare with the pest status in the importing
  country

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RELEVANT STEPS IN THE PRA

• To assess every pest individually to determine if
  they have the potential to establish and spread
  (intended use and biological characteristics of
  the pest), and the potential for economic
  consequences if the introduction is concreted.
• To decide if the pest risk management is
  necessary and the strength of the measures to be
  used.

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LMO RISK ANALYSIS

• IPPC (ISPM N 11)
• Applicable to LMO s that meet the definition of a
  quarantine pest
• Includes elements of risk assessment (the
  probability and potential economic consequences
  including environmental impacts of introduction
  and spread).
• Includes detailed discussion of risk management
  options.

• CARTAGENA PROTOCOL
• Applicable to LMO s that may have adverse effects
  on the conservation and sustainable use of
  biological diversity, taking into account risk to
  human health
• contains provisions on Risk Assessment (Article
  15 and Annex 3)
• Contains provisions on Risk management (Article
  16)

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DUTIES

• IPPC
• Information regarding pest status is an
  obligation under IPPC. Article VIII
  International cooperation
• taking appropriate measures to avoid introduction
  and spread of such pests

• CP
• article 16, paragraph 5. Parties shall cooperate
  identifying living modified organism that may
  have adverse effects
• taking appropriate measures regarding the
  treatment of such living modified organism

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MEMORANDUM OF COOPERATION BETWEEN IPPC AND CBD
SECRETARIATS

• To a better coordination
• to facilitate the synergy between the activities
  of governing bodies of both treaties on
  Biosafety
• including the development of international
  standards in issues of common interests.
• Between the specific issues that are likely to
  involve future cooperation between IPPC and CBD
  Secretariats include LMO s

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AN EXAMPLE

• SEE THE TRANSPARENCY

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CONCLUSSIONS

• the potential Phytosanitary risk that may be
  associated with LMO s could also be associated
  with non LMO s
• 2. In case of conventional plants and plant
  products ISPM N11 is focused to show if the pest
  associated are considered quarantine pest, but
  in case of LMO s, is being used, in a
  practical sense, to show the organism it is no an
  obvious pest.

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CONCLUSSIONS

• 3. Other important difference is in case of
  conventional pest and pathways, the actions
  established like Phytosanitary measures are
  adopted and certified by the export country, but
  in case of LMO s the main Phytosanitary measures
  are adopted in the importing country
• 4. The pest risk analysis of conventional and
  modified organisms of potential Phytosanitary
  concern follows the same basic principles,
  mechanisms and steps.

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CONCLUSSIONS

• 5. The principles, objectives, methodologies
  under the IPPC and the Cartagena Protocol are
  fully compatibles

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• THANKS A LOT