Changes in Medieval Society

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Changes in Medieval Society

• Pages 387

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Growing Food Supply

• Climate changed allowing some food to be grown in
  areas that were previously too cold
• Horses replaced oxen horses were faster and
  could plow more land
• Villagers began to use the 3-field system
• -used 2/3 of land to provide more food (rested
  1/3)

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Fairs and Guilds

• Trade once again began to flourish
• Cloth and other handmade items were being sent
  all over Europe
• Guilds an association of people who worked at
  the same occupation
• Controlled wages, and prices, quality
• Apprentice for 7 years then journeyman then
  master
• To be a master a journeyman would produce a
  master product

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Financial Revolution

• Fairs and guilds created the need for a lot of
  money
• Money had to be borrowed
• The Church forbade Christians from lending money
• Merchants had to go to the Jews to borrow money
• Banking begins to emerge in Europe

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Surnames

• Many people can trace their last names, or
  surnames, back to a medieval occupation in
  Europe. The name Smith, for example, refers to
  someone who "smites," or works, metal. The
  surname Silversmith would belong to a person who
  works silver. In German-speaking areas, a smith
  was named Schmidt.    Someone who made goods out
  of wood was often surnamed Carpenter. In
  French-speaking areas, a carpenter was called
  Charpentier, while in German areas, the same
  person would be called Zimmerman.    The last
  name of Boulanger indicated a baker in France. A
  baker in Germany often had the surname Becker.

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Commercial Revolution

• Banks begin to emerge due to the increased amount
  of trade

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Towns and the Social Order

• Towns begin to emerge again
• Serfs begin to run away from the manor
• Wealthy merchant class emerges called Burghers
• Dont fit in Feudal pyramid
• Demand rights from Manor Lords to run towns

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Revival of Learning

• Jews begin to translate ancient Greek texts into
  Latin and learning explodes in the West
• Muslim libraries used to increase knowledge
  crusaders brought back superior Muslim technology
• Writers begin to write using Vernacular or common
  language
• Dante Divine Comedy written in Italian
• Chaucer Canterbury Tails written in English

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Aquinas and Medieval Philosophy

• Aquinas argued that the most basic religious
  truths could be proved by logical argument
  (influenced by Aristotle)
• Aquinas wrote the Summa Theologicae
• combined ancient Greek thought with the Christian
  thought of his time
• Scholastics scholars who met at the great
  universities
• scholastics used their knowledge of Aristotle to
  debate many issues