National Inventory and National Collection: the French concept

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National Inventory and National Collection the
French concept

• Véronique Jamilloux, Agnès Ricart,Annick Le
  Blanc, Vincent Gensollen,Hélène Bertrand,
  François Laurens,Martine Mitteau
• BRG, GEVES, INH, INRA

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A presentation divided in 3 parts

• How has the concept of National Collection
  been elaborated in France in the light of the
  International commitments and of the Global Plan
  of Action?
• How do we manage the plant genetic resources
  in France?
• Consequently, how do we apply the concept of
  national inventory in France?

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The concept of National Collection in FranceThe
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

• In accordance with the CBD, to facilitate access
  to genetic resources under French sovereignty,
• Necessity to identify on the whole French
  territory
• Ø the genetic material, of actual and potential
  value, existing within ecosystems and natural
  habitats
• Ø the genetic material, of actual and potential
  value, that has developed there their distinctive
  properties, in the case of domesticated or
  cultivated species.

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The concept of National Collection in FranceThe
Global Plan of Action (GPA)

• With the aims of ensuring the conservation of
  plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
  as a basis for food security, and of
  strengthening national programmes, as well as
  regional and international programmes,
• The GPA implicitly leads to a clear inventory of
  the genetic resources under the sovereignty of
  each nation in order
• Ø to rationalize their conservation from a
  sustainability and durability viewpoint
• Ø to mainstream the national programmes into
  regional and international cooperation.

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The concept of National Collection in France

• A French National Collection
• gathers genetically diversified material i.e. in
  a significant and rather homogeneous size,
• gathers representative material sampled on the
  French territory, in- or ex-situ,
• is documented for multicrops passport data and
  for some primary characters,
• and is available under facilitated access
  according to the Convention on Biological
  Diversity (1992) and to the International Treaty
  on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
  Agriculture (2001).

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Criteria for admission to National Collection

• French cultivars removed from the French or
  European catalogues of varieties,
•  Landraces and local varieties from France,
• French or foreign genitors, in particular those
  who have given  varieties registered in the
  French or European catalogues in their lineage,
•  Material which has been collected in French
  territories,
• Material known for the presence of identified
  genes, such as genotypes used as controls in
  certain nurseries or trials,
• Material which is little known, but which is
  recognized as a genetic resource, and whose
  supply or collection remains difficult.

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The management of the PGR in FranceThe National
Charter

• defines the national policy,
• as elaborated and implemented by stakeholders
  and policymakers,
• and as adopted by funding authorities,
• through
• Ø General review
• Ø Recommendations
• Ø Action programmes

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The management of the PGR in FranceA
decentralized system

• Each National Collection is managed through a
  network which
• involves the users of genetic resources,
• takes into account all dimensions of plant
  genetic diversity part of natural heritage as
  well as strategic and economic input,
• gathers all the known expertise,
• involves both public and private stakeholders,
  including NGOs,
• shares the cost of management activities between
  the French state and the economic actors,
• is, under national coordination, the French
  representative in regional networks (ECP/GR,
  EUFORGEN) for the relevant species.

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The management of the PGR in FranceA network
which framework?

• In accordance with the Global Plan of Action,
  the aim is the rationalization of the PGR
  conservation from a sustainability and durability
  viewpoint.
• So as to ensure the long-term conservation and
  the sustainable use of National Collections and
  to share responsibilities and conservation tasks,
  for each network
• Ø a commitment of each stakeholder of the
  network,
• Ø A network charter, with rules of procedure.

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The management of the PGR in FranceWhich
networks currently?

• Field crop species
• Beets, Fodder and lawn species, Large-seed
  Leguminoseae, Maize, Potatoes, Rape,
  Small grain cereals, Sunflower.
• Fruit species
• Figs and mulberries, Grapevine, Nuts,
  Olives, Pome fruits, Prunus.
• Ornamentals and industrial species
• - Hydrangea, Lavenders, Pelargonium,
  Roses.

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The management of the PGR in FranceWhich
networks currently?

• Vegetables species
• Allium, Artichokes and cardoons, Carrots,
  Chicories, Lentils, Market Solanaceae,
  Muskmelons, Strawberries, Vegetable
  Cruciferae.
• Dynamic in-situ management
• Forest trees, Wild relatives.
• Platform for tropical and Mediterranean species
  
• - with Citrus, banana, coffee, oil palm,
  pineapple, rice, soya, sorghum, sugar cane, yams
  and many forest species.

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The concept of National Inventory in FranceA
national coordination

• To elaborate and to implement the national
  policy for genetic resources to ensure the long
  term viability of the French process and to
  secure its sustainability
• To mainstream and to hold together the national
  programme into regional and international
  cooperation according to the Global Plan of
  Action of the FAO
• Ø A governmental institution
• the Bureau des Ressources Génétiques

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The concept of National Inventory in FranceThe
BRG currently

• A scientific group, interministerial body,
  constituted by
• 6 Ministries respectively in charge of
• Research Industry Agriculture
• Environment Overseas Territories
  Cooperation
• 7 Scientific Organizations
• INRA MNHN CNRS
• IRD CIRAD Ifremer GEVES
• represented within a Group Council, and managed
  by a 9 permanent staff.

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The concept of National Inventory in France

• All the genetic resources wich are
• currently in the National Collections managed by
  each national network,
• Or complying with the criteria for admission, now
  or in the future,
• constitute the National Inventory (NI) for
  EURISCO, in order to
• facilitate access to the genetic diversity under
  French sovereignty
• ensure access to an available and well documented
  genetic material
• secure the follow-up and the improvement of
  EURISCO.

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The concept of National Inventory in France How
is the NI built

• Whole material held by stakeholders

All National Collections Ú NATIONAL INVENTORY
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To conclude

• The National Inventory that will be available
  through EURISCO includes
• the whole of the genetic resources under French
  sovereignty in accordance with the CBD,
• i.e. resources from both public and private
  sectors (breeding firms and NGOs),
• accessible through the National Collections.
• All the genetic material of French collections
  under foreign sovereignty is avoided with the aim
  of a long-term clear and sensible European
  inventory and of the sustainable supply of
  available and documented genetic resources by
  their own responsible countries.