Culture and Organizations Chapter 2

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Culture and OrganizationsChapter 2

• Hofstedes dimensions of
• work-related values and
• attitudes
• Work behaviors across
• cultures
• National culture and
• organizational culture

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Hofstedes Values Dimensions

• Individualism/Collectivism
• Power distance
• Uncertainty avoidance
• Career success/quality of life
• Confucian dynamism

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Individualism Collectivism

• Individualism
• Free will and self-determinism
• Universal values (e.g., democracy)
• Use of internal pressure (guilt)
• Collectivism
• Will of the group
• Group values differences
• External pressure (shame)

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Power Distance

• High or low
• Question decisions of authority?
• Bypass superiors?
• Titles, status, and formality

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Uncertainty Avoidance

• Formal rules, sanctions for deviance, expertise,
  stability (careers)
• Combine with power distance to form
• Village markets (Denmark)
• Traditional families (Philippines)
• Pyramids of people (Mexico)
• Well-oiled machines (Austria)

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Career Success and Quality of Life

• Career success (masculinity)
• Gender-identified roles
• Acquisition of materials
• Quality of life (femininity)
• Roles are less gender-identified
• Material achievement is not prime motivator

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Confucian Dynamism

• Strong work ethic
• Respect for traditions

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Other Cultural Classifications (Trompenaars)

• Universalistic vs. Particularistic
• Rules and relationships
• Neutral vs. Affective
• Emotions
• Specific vs. Diffuse
• Public and private space
• Achievement vs. Ascription
• Status

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Trompenaars continued

• Individualism vs. collectivism
• Time horizon
• Use of time
• Control over ones fate

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Organizational Culture

• Different level
• Influence of national cultures in MNCs