Counseling Theories Presentation

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Counseling TheoriesPresentation

• An overview of
• Cognitive Behavior
• Therapy (CBT)

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Cognitive Behavior Therapy Its Brief History
Origins

• Epicetus, What disturbs 100 AD
• The Cartesian Split...1650s
• I Think.
• Reaction/Revolt to the Behaviorist Regime -
  Reductionism1950s
• Chomsky Behaviorisms Achilles Heel
• The return of mind to psychology

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Some Noted Founders of the Cognitive Revolution

• George Kelly - personal constructs, schemas,
  natural scientists of thought
• Albert Ellis Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
  - REBT
• Aaron Beck Cognitive Therapy - CT
• Donald Meichenbaum Cognitive Behavior
  Modification - CBM

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Two Quotations that give a flavor of Cognitivism

• Its not so much what happens to you that changes
  you life, but how you react to what happens to
  you
• All of life is an interpretation, the self is a
  story.

• The thing that upsets people is not what happens
  but what they think it means ...Epictetus,
  100 AD
• UCasUR

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CBT Thinking about thinking
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A Collage of Salient Features from Ellis REBT

• We are born rational (scientists) and make
  ourselves irrational. But how?
• crooked vs. straight thinking
• reindoctrinating irrationality with self
  statements

• Its all about ones A, B, C, D, E, Fs
• The scientific method of logical and rational
  thought is applied to irrational beliefs.
• Therapist a teacher and interrogator

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A Collage of Salient Features from Beck CT

• Like REBT, thoughts determine feelings and
  actions
• Internal dialogues reinforce automatic thinking,
  faulty thinking and incorrect inferences - thus
  disorders arise.
• Core schemata (belief) are examined, evidence is
  weighed restructuring
• Collaborative, socratic discovery model

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A Collage of Salient Features from Meichenbaum
CBM

• Like REBT CT, maladaptive thoughts
  distressing emotions
• gt awareness of selftalk/instructions and gt
  awareness of thinking,feeling, acting
• get coping skills by 1)self-observation,
  2)changes to internal dialogue, 3)learn
  implement new skills/changes
• Scripted nature of behavior constructivism or
  restorying

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What is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (REBT, CT,
CBM)?

• Active approach Therapist acts as a
  teacher/coach client does homework.
• Collaborative effort dialogic analysis and
  strategic planning.
• Short-term method thats effective!

• Empircally-based via controlled studies.
• Goal-oriented set, monitor, act, assess.
• Practical focus first priority is solving
  concrete problems in the present.

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Proven Applications of CBT

• CBT widely applied to treatment of depression,
  anxiety, martial problems, stress management,
  skill training, substance abuse, assertion
  training, eating disorders, panic attacks, social
  phobia
• Probably the most widely applied therapeutic
  method at this time.

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Strengths of CBT

• good for group work
• wide applications
• successful with depression anxiety
• gt self-help
• psychoeducational
• alliance between t/c
• structure satisfying for clients.

• focus on teaching self-therapy
• limits dependency
• homework tasks
• open to other techniques, eclectic
• works on kids
• proactive/prevention

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Limitations of CBT

• Tends to play down emotional factors
• Misses Ucs underlying factors
• Discounts usefulness of clients past
• REBT too confrontational for some, CT too
  structured for some (too positive)
• Chance of power differential arising thru
  therapists ideology of the rational
• Too reductive, all in the head and little focus
  on social situatedness/interaction

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Lets get involved with CBT
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Involving you with CBT

• An exercise in making crooked (irrational)
  thoughts/beliefs straight (rational) again
• How many reframes can you do in less than two
  minutes?

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Cognitive Behavior TherapyIts All in your Head

• Thanks for listening, and remember...With CBT,
  Your thoughts become You.