The Road To The American Revolution, 1750s 1776

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The Road To The American Revolution, 1750s - 1776
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Deep Roots Growing Divisions

• I. Salutary Neglect
• II. Ideology and Indians
• III. Losing Control
• A. Identity and Colonial Nationalism
• B. Taxation and Resistance
• IV. Protest to Revolution
• A. Self-governance and independence

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Underneath Salutary Neglect

• I. Glorious Revolution
• A. Reaction to absolutism
• of King James, 1680s
• B. Rights and liberty
• C. Colonists gain confidence
• II. left colonists alone
• III. Divergent ideas of
• equality and
• representation

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Social Differences

• I. Weak Aristocracy
• A. Less hereditary power
• II. More open land
• A. Geographical mobility

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Imperial Conflicts

• I. French, Spanish and British Empires
• A. Power, land and wealth
• B. Constant warfare
• 1. King Williams War, 1688-97
• 2. Queen Annes War, 1702-14
• 3. King Georges War, 1739-48
• 4. French and Indian War, 1754-60 (7
  Years War)
• C. Angered colonies and Indians
• D. Funded wars by increasing colonial taxes

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Grand Settlement of 1701

• Iroquois neutrality
• 1701-1750s
• Play off Fr vs. Br
• Keep trade
• Protect Great Lakes to the Ohio Valley

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Country Ideology Whig

• Reaction to taxes and Br Military
• Feared power of the state
• Threat to liberty and property
• Blended with debates over taxation and
  representation
• Elitist

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French and Indian War, 1754-1760
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French and Indian War

• I. Colonists in Ohio Valley
• A. Fr Indians attack west frontier
• B. Albany Congress, 1754 failed
• C. 1756 became 7 Years War
• II. Iroquois Confederacy
• A. Refused to give up land
• B. Neutral since 1701
• C. Iroquois ally w/ Br in 1760
• III. William Pitt, Sec. State
• A. Crushed French

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Battle of Bushy Run, PA (1763)
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Treaty of Paris, 1763

• I. Ends War
• A. French eliminated
• B. Lost land east of Mississippi River
• C. Kept New Orleans
• II. Sp. gets land west of Miss.
• III. Br. gets Florida

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Proclamation of 1763

• I. Line down the
• Appalachians
• II. No growth
• III. British Troops
• V. Angered colonies

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Significance of French and Indian War

• I. French influence declined
• II. British power expanded
• III. Direct taxes for war debt
• IV. Br. increased military presence
• V. Conflicts between Br. and colonists

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Native Responses Views

• I. Excluded from Treaty
• II. Pan-Indian Response
• A. Neolin
• B. Pontiac (Ottowa)
• C. Pontiacs Rebellion
• 1763-6
• D. Attack from G.L. to VA
• E. Sir Jeffrey Amherst
• III. Centralize Indian Policy

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Growing Tensions

• Colonists resent taxes
• Want to expand
• Dislike interference from Crown
• End of salutary neglect
• Different political ideologies

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Colonial Nationalism

• I. Nationalism
• A. Common
• experiences
• B. Military service
• C. Print media
• D. Political beliefs
• E. Becoming
• Americans

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Protest to Revolution

• I. Quartering Act 1765
• A. Troops
• II. Sugar Act 1765
• A. Raise revenue
• B. External, trade
• III. Stamp Act 1765
• A. Internal tax
• B. Direct tax
• C. Angered colonists

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Tar and Feathering a Tax Collector
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Inching Towards Revolution

• I. Taxation without representation
• II. Sons of Liberty, Sam Adams
• III. Crown increased colonial administration
• IV. Townsend Revenue Acts 1767--
• A. Non-Importation/boycotts
• B. Personal-political-nationalistic

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Boston Massacre, 1770

• I. Sons of Liberty
• II. British troops
• III. Public protests
• IV. Shots erupt into
• massacre
• V. Exaggerated

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Committees of Correspondence 1772-4

• I. Local political organizations
• II. Reaction to royal abuses
• III. Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson
• IV. Inter-Colonial cooperation communication
• V. Leadership until Continental Congresses

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Tea Tax 1773

• Monopoly for British East Indian Tea Co
• Taxed tea purchases
• Boston Sons of Liberty stopped ships
• December 1773 dumped tea

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Boston Tea Party 1773
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First Continental Congress 1774

• I. Growing Br. Control
• A. Intolerable Acts, esp. Mass Charter
• II. Philadelphia, 1774
• A. Did not want war
• B. Committed to Br. crown
• C. Boycotts Unity
• III. Committees of Observation and Safety
• A. Local governments

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Verge of Revolution, 1775

• I. Lexington and Concord, MASS
• II. Second Congress, 1775
• A. Colonial army
• B. General Washington
• C. Olive Branch Petition to King George III
• III. Thomas Paine, Common Sense
• A. Rational argument for rebellion and
  independence
• IV. British seized American ships