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French

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'Power of the Purse' Colonists start to self govern. Distance the ... open fire. Crispus Attucks. 5 die. John Adams defends. British Soldiers. Boston Massacre ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: French


1
Revolution
  • French Indian War
  • Through the
  • Treaty of Paris 1783

2
Discovery
  • 1492 Columbus sailed
  • 1576 St. Augustine
  • 1607 Jamestown
  • 1608 Quebec
  • 1620 Plymouth
  • 1624 New Amsterdam
  • New World - Spain, England, France the
    Netherlands

3
New World
  • Passage to Far East
  • Gold Silver
  • Expand Empires/colonies
  • Spain- 1 power until Spanish Armada 1588
  • France Louis XIV-empire Canada - Louisiana
  • England - 13 colonies, along the Atlantic seaboard

4
English came to New World ...
  • Jamestown 1607 Get Rich
  • Religious freedom
  • Depression in England
  • Enclosure Act
  • Population Explosion
  • Jailed for debt Indentured Servant

5
13 Colonies
  • New England
  • Middle Colonies
  • Southern Colonies

6
Inhabitants
  • English, Scottish, Irish
  • Indians 1million in N. America
  • 15 million in S. America
  • die from European diseases new workers
    needed
  • Africans 1st indentured servants
  • Middle Passage Slaves ¾ in south
    plantation agriculture

7
  • Native Americans
  • Polytheistic
  • No concept of private property
  • British
  • Monotheistic Protestants
  • Private property
  • No crop rotation
  • 1750-1.5 million want land - west
  • French
  • Monotheistic - Catholics
  • Fur traders
  • No large colonies
  • Forts M River
  • Fr. marry Indian women

8
Colonial Government by 1750
  • Governor apt. by king, veto
  • Two House Legislature
  • Upper House-(House of Lords) governor appoints
  • Lower House elected
  • 1.had to own land
  • 2. white male
  • 3. Religion - Christian

9
Legislatue
  • Freedom to pass laws locally
  • Discipline own members
  • Power of the Purse
  • Colonists start to self govern
  • Distance the Key

10
World Wars America
  • European powers wrestle 1
  • Four Wars from 1680 on
  • 4Seven Years War or French Indian War 1754
  • Goal to gain control of N. America
  • By 1750 New France 70,000
  • vs. 1.5 million in British colonies
  • French Indians block colonial
    western expansion

11
War for Empire
  • 1754 Ben Franklins Albany Plan Join or Die
  • Conflict opens- Ohio River Valley
  • George Washington
  • Ft. Necessity
  • July 4, 1756
  • French Hurons
  • English Iroquois Confederacy

12
French Indian War
  • Dominated by European soldiers, tactics
    resources
  • First 3 years/ France victorious
  • Indian guerilla warfare surprise British
  • 1758 PM William Pitt
  • Brilliant strategist - , troops, blockades
    Canada, Fr. lose allies
  • BRITISH WIN WAR

13
Treaty of Paris 1763
  • France is gone!
  • Allowed 2 sugar islands in Caribbean
  • GB gets Canada and land east of Miss.
  • Spain gets Cuba for Florida
  • Spain gets land west of Miss.

14
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15
The Results...
  • War costly and casualties high
  • Britains debt doubles
  • Depression/ 40,000 unemployed in GB
  • Want colonies to share cost of British Empire
  • Trained future colonial generals/ leaders
  • Beginning sense of new identity

16
Indians Still in Region
  • Colonists move West conflict with Indians
  • Pontiacs Rebellion
  • British troops smallpox blankets
  • Proclamation 1763 prohibited settlement beyond
    Appalachians
  • Colonists angered

17
Road to Revolution
  • 1st step onto shorenew ideas, strong individuals
  • Ignored so evolved w/out a plan
  • Salutary neglect
  • Distance 3,000 miles 6 to 8 weeks
  • managing colonies nearly impossible

18
Mercantilism
  • Navigation Acts 1650
  • Enumerated Articles-tobacco, sugar, indigo, rice,
    naval stores
  • Results no manufacturing, no cash, few banks,
    colonial isolation, yet not unhappy

19
Navigation Acts
  • Govern Colonial Trade
  • ONLY
  • Eng/ colonial ships
  • Eng/ colonial sailors
  • Goods shipped elsewhere go through English ports/
    taxed

20
"Enumerated articles go to England only"
  • Results
  • Colonies build ships
  • Imbalances of trade/
  • Ignore laws, bribery or smuggling- Hancock

21
Who's in Charge?
  • George III
  • 5 PMs in 10 yrs
  • 145 million in debt,
  • Who pays?
  • 1764
  • PM Greenville
  • Sugar Acts
  • Currency Act

22
  • 1765 Quartering Act-
  • 1765 Stamp Act
  • 1st Internal tax paper goods legal documents,
    newspapers, pamphlets, wills used to support
    troops
  • Effects articulate groups
  • Violations of Acts
  • Writs of Assistance
  • Admiralty Courts

23
Reactions
  • Usurpation of assemblies power
  • no taxation without
  • May 65 Virginia House of Burgesses
  • Patrick Henry calls for rights of Englishmen
  • Great Britains response Virtual Representation

24
  • Aug. 65 Boston violence Mobs, effigies,
    tar feather vandalize
  • Sons of Liberty- resistance group
  • Daughters of Liberty
  • Non-importation agreements Boycotts
  • Stamp Act Congress 10/65 9 colonies
    NY-resolutions Parl. right to legislate but
    denied right to tax directly
  • 3/66 act repealed but Declaratory Act passed

25
New PM Townshend
  • 1767 Townshend Act indirect tax on imports
    paper, lead, paint, glass TEA
  • Pays governor judges salary
  • Sam Adams Massachusetts
  • Penman of the Revolution
  • Circular letters evolves to Committees of
    Correspondence

26
Test of Wills
  • 1767-NY Legislature shut down forced to comply
    with Q. Act to reopen
  • 1768 Mass Governor dissolves legislature and
    troops arrive in Boston
  • The fuse is lit in
  • BOSTON

27
  • Edmund Burke
  • The Americans have made a discovery that we
    mean to oppress them we have made a discovery
    that they intend to raise a rebellion. We do not
    know how to advance they do not know how to
    retreat.

28
Rights of Englishmen
  • Common Law
  • Magna Carta
  • Glorious Revolution and
  • John Lockes Two Treatises of Government

29
Locke's Natural Rights
  • Life, Liberty, Property
  • Social Contract-unwritten
  • People enter contract with govt
  • Give of some freedoms for protection of body AND
    rights
  • If contract broken people can
  • REBELL

30
Without the consent of Parliament the King
  • could not keep a standing army
  • could not create new taxes
  • must have parliament meet frequently
  • freedom of speech in parliament
  • right to petition grievances
  • Right of Habeas Corpus
  • could not on whim make laws or special courts

31
Back to Boston
  • Customs takes on smuggling can claim 1/3
    property if guilty
  • 1768 John Hancocks ship held
  • Tension increases. New calls for boycotts begin
    again.
  • 3/70 repeal of Townshend Act except for tax on
    Tea
  • But that same night in Boston

32
Boston Massacre
  • March 5, 1770
  • Colonial Mob
  • Lobster backs
  • open fire
  • Crispus Attucks
  • 5 die
  • John Adams defends
  • British Soldiers

33
TEA
  • 1773 new Tea Act
  • Actually lowers tax but
  • East India Co. - monopoly
  • Boycotts calledPhiladelphia NYC
  • Boston 12/73
  • PAR-TAY TIME!

34
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35
Response
  • Colonial reaction- not all happy destruction of
    property
  • 1774 Intolerable Acts Coercive Acts
  • Quebec Act
  • First Continental Congress

36
Intoleralble Acts
  • Shuts down port of Boston
  • Reduce power of colonial assemblies ( disband)
  • Town meetings only once a year
  • Brits who break law may have trial in England
  • New Quartering Actall housed

37
Quebec Act
  • Ohio Valley region is given to Canada
  • Canadian Government No elected assembly
  • Allows French Canadians to practice Catholic
    Religion
  • Colonists angry

38
First Continental Congress 1774
  • Colonial elite gather to discuss grievances
  • 12 colonies,55 men, Philadelphia
  • Support Massachusetts
  • Boycott all imports and exports
  • Put forth Declaration of Rights
  • Suggest colonies train militia

39
Lexington Concord
  • April 1775
  • Minutemen
  • Rumor colonial store of arms
  • 700 Redcoats Surprise attack
  • Paul Reveres ride
  • 1st battle Lexington
  • War had started

40
Shot heard Round the World
  • By the rude bridge that arched the floods,
  • Their flag to April breeze unfurled,
  • Here once the embattled farmers stood,
  • And fired the shot heard round the world
  • Emerson

41
British Americans
  • Disciplined, experienced army
  • Strong Navy
  • Arms, gunpowder
  • Monetary Wealth
  • Use of mercenaries Hessians
  • - Generals officers
  • - Stretched supply lines
  • - Doubled National Debt
  • Expenses
  • Public Support
  • - Had to win
  • - Small, untrained army
  • - No navy, only.
  • - Low supply of arms, cannons gunpowder
  • - Fought in colonys regiment-not united
  • Outstanding Military Civilian Leadership
  • Home field advantage
  • Guerilla tactics
  • Sharpshooters
  • French Foreign Aid
  • 2-1 troop population

42
Second Continental Congress
  • May 1775 Faced with war
  • Olive Branch Petition- declared loyalty to King
    George III
  • George Washington named commander in chief
  • Same Time
  • Green Mt. Boys Ft. Ticonderoga
  • Bunker Hill Dont shoot until you see the
    whites of their eyes

43
Push Towards Independence
  • George IIIs declaration that colonies in revolt
    brought more troops Hessian mercenaries
  • British fleet blockades
  • Colonies fight 14 months before
  • By 1776 no compromise in sight

44
Thomas Paine
  • Recent immigrant from GB
  • Jan 76 published Common Sense
  • No rational reason or advantage to stay tied to
    GB distance alone should encourage separation
  • King Royal Brute

45
  • Called for independence and creation of a
    Republic
  • Reconciliation ?? There is something absurd in
    supposing a continent to be perpetually governed
    by an island
  • By July 1776 over 150,000 pamphlets circulating
    the colonies

46
Strong Arguments for Independence
  • 1. Needed to sign commercial treaties with other
    nations
  • 2. Alliances with other nations France
  • 3. Continental Army no longer traitor to the
    crown

47
Declaration of Independence
  • By June 1776 Congress ready to act
  • Explanation to the world
  • Richard Henry Lee/Va.-
  • Offers resolution these United States are and
    of right ought to be, free and independent
    states

48
Committee
  • John Adams
  • Ben Franklin
  • Thomas Jefferson
  • Robert Livingstone
  • Roger Sherman
  • July 4, 1776
  • Remember the ladies

49
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50
Decalaration...4 Parts
  • Preamble
  • Declaration of Rights
  • List of Grievances against King George III
  • Declares colonies the United States of America
    Free from British rule
  • Signers guilty of Treason

51
Influence
  • One of worlds most important
  • Example to other nations
  • Most remembered line All men are created equal
  • Change toward equal rights, opportunities and a
    voice in government

52
Reaction...
  • 2.5 million population in USA
  • 1/3 unhappy Loyalists or Tories white, 20
    slaves, Indians Canada mid/southern
    statesfled to Canada England
  • 1/3 for Independence Whigs/ Patriots
  • 1/3 do not care

53
  • War not easy for
  • By August GB sent 32,000 troops to NYC 130
    warships
  • Begging for funds
  • Men under trained, no provisions constantly
    in retreat
  • Foreign officers

54
Colonial War
  • New England gtMiddle Colonies --gt Southern
    Colonies
  • British unable to capture nerve center
  • Brits force GW to retreat from N.Y. to Delaware
  • Crisis of confidenceThese are the times that
    try mens souls

55
Trenton/ Princeton
  • Dec. 26, 1776
  • Cross the Delaware -2400
  • Surprise Hessian Troops
  • On to victory at Princeton
  • Last victory for colonials until Oct. 1777
  • Morale Boosters

56
Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emmanuel
Leutze (1851)
57
"Stars Stripes"
  • Description of the flag
  • During the Revolutionary War, numerous flags were
    used. After the Declaration of Independence was
    signed on 4 July 1776, the people realized they
    needed one flag to replace all the assortment of
    flags used previously. On 14 June 1777, the
    Continental Congress adopted the following
    resolution
  • "RESOLVED, that the flag of the 13 United States
    be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white
    That the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue
    field, representing a new constellation." Because
    the resolution was not specific there were a
    number of variations of the 13 star flag.
  • Although legend has it that Betsy Ross sewed the
    first flag from a design by George Washington,
    this has not been substantiated. The first
    documented U.S. flag was the staggered star
    pattern shown above. A strong case for the
    designer of the first flag is Francis Hopkinson.
    A delegate from New Jersey to the Continental
    Congress and a signer of the Declaration of
    Independence. He submitted a bill to Congress for
    "currency designs, design for the great seal of
    the U.S., a treasury seal, a design for the flag
    ..."

58
Saratoga
  • Oct. 17, 1777
  • GB General Burgoyne drive down center of NY
    divide colonies in half isolate NE
  • Met by Benedict Arnold
  • Surrenders entire N. British Army 5700 Brit
    prisoners
  • Major humiliation defeat

59
Turning Point
  • Ben Franklin Louis XVI
  • France agrees to aid American cause-Spain
  • Belief now USA could win
  • Feb. 78 Treaty of Alliance
  • Provides states with .

60
Even with Boost, 1780-81 Darkest Period
  • Inflation-gt continentals worthless
  • Congress virtually bankrupt
  • Desertion increasing troops unpaid
  • Benedict Arnold sells himself to the British

61
Yorktown
  • Oct. 1781
  • Cornwallis leads British troops to Yorktown
    peninsula, Chesapeake
  • Trapped by French naval Blockade
  • Cornwallis surrenders to the tune of Yankee
    Doodle
  • War is over

62
Treaty of Paris 1783
  • Peace delegation
  • US free independent nation
  • US boundaries Atlantic to Miss River Florida
    returned to Spain
  • US agrees to pay Loyalists
  • Congress ratified April 19, 1781
  • GW retired for almost 2 years
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