Avian Flu Virus

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Avian Flu Virus

• Compiled by
• Marvin, Grace and Carleen

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Preview

• Outbreak-The World Health Organization (WHO) has
  reported an outbreak of a highly pathogenic avian
  influenza (HPAI) in birds affecting a number of
  countries in Asia, the Middle East, Europe and
  Africa. Avian influenza is a contagious viral
  infection that can affect all.
• Transmission-Avian influenza viruses (of which
  there are 15 types) infect wild bird populations,
  particularly water birds, typically without
  causing symptoms. The virus spreads through bird
  faeces and contaminated water or dust. When avian
  influenza spreads to poultry or other birds, it
  can cause more severe disease.
• Treatment- Amantadine
• Rimantadine
• Oseltamivir
• Tami Flu (United States)

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Avian Infection Map
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Influenza Type A (H5N1)

• First appeared in humans in Hong Kong, 1997
• Primarily associated with avian species
• Fatal epidemic among Hong Kong poultry in 1997
• 18 total confirmed cases, with 6 deaths

Lee, Mak, Saw. Public Health and Epidemiology
Bulletin. 199981-7.
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Implications of H5N1 Infection

• Potential for pandemic infection by little-known
  pathogen
• Morbidity and mortality in both young and old
• No previous human exposure no vaccine
• Signals need for
• Pandemic readiness plan
• Rapid detection and diagnosis of new viral
  strains
• Veterinary surveillance
• Continuing research for new antiviral agents

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Infection Process
D. Release
B. Entering Cell
C. Replication
A. Binding
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Infection Pathway
Nasopharynx
Trachea
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Signs and Symptoms

• Abrupt onset of symptoms
• Fever, usually over 100F
• Nonproductive cough
• Chills and/or sweats
• Headache
• Myalgia
• Sore throat
• Potentially severe, persistent malaise
• Substernal soreness, photophobia, and ocular
  problems

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Risk Factors for Influenza Complications (CDC)

• Age ?50 yrs
• Residence in nursing home/chronic care facilities
• Chronic pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma, COPD)
• Chronic cardiovascular disease
• Chronic metabolic diseases, renal dysfunction,
  hemoglobinopathy
• Immunosuppression
• Long-term aspirin therapy (ages 6 mos-18 yrs)
• Second or third trimester pregnancy

.
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Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate)Contraindications
and Precautions

• Contraindicated in patients with known
  hypersensitivity to components
• Efficacy in the treatment of patients with
  chronic cardiac disease and/or respiratory
  disease has not been established
• No evidence of efficacy in non-influenza illness
• Safety and incidence of repeated treatment or
  prophylaxis courses not studied

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Oseltamivir
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Prodrug Conversion of Tamiflu (oseltamivir
phosphate)
O
O
O
O
O
OH
EsterHydrolysi s
HN
HN
NH2 H3PO4
NH2
O
O
Oseltamivir carboxylate
Oseltamivir phosphate
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Antivirals in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of
Pediatric Influenza (Contd)

• Inhibits viral neuraminidase
• Efficacious against influenza A and B
• Approved for treatment in patients ?1 year of age
• Approved for prophylaxis in adult patients and
  adolescents 13 years and older
• Orally administered by liquid or capsule

Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate)
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Multimedia Presentation?

• Questions
• Will there be a pandemic?
• Are we prepared?
• How long before this happens?
• Do we have enough vaccines?
• Will the virus mutate?
• Who will survive it?
• Will the drugs be expensive?
• Is the U.S.A doing enough?
• Is it a form of biological weaponry?
• Can we become immune to it?

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Antivirals in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of
Pediatric Influenza (Contd)
Zanamivir (Relenza)

• Inhibits viral neuraminidase
• Efficacious against influenza A and B
• Approved for treatment in patients ?7 years of
  age
• Not indicated for prophylaxis
• Administered by inhalation only

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Summary

• PowerPoint Highlights
• First human case was China
• Affects respiratory system
• Infection Path
• Binding
• Entrance
• Replication
• Release
• Pandemic possibility still debatable
• Tami Flu is available in the U.S.A
• Mainly Asian countries affected
• W.H.O declares the situation grave

• Essay Highlights
• Contagious
• Respiratory illness
• Can result in death
• Young and old susceptible
• Mainly among birds
• Risk to humans low
• Not normal flu virus
• H5N1 is sensitive to heat
• No effective vaccine
• Tami Flu available
• Ethyl Ester
• Inhibits neuraminidase
• Has potential to become pandemic

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Flu Find A Word

• Words
• birds
• CDC
• culling
• pandemic
• Tami flu
• WHO

L A U L  F  I  M  A  T X P U H  P  Y  X  H  R K 
Q S  D  R  I  B  T  S S H Z U  D  Z  G  J  I
P A N D  E  M  I  C  A C U C U  L  L  I  N  G
K D U X  W  U  D  W  N B W C  R  M  L  H  K  J
Q H X  Q  J  O  H  W  U
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Good Luck

• THE END
• Center For Disease Control
• Carleen
• Yahoo
• Alltheweb
• Grace
• Encarta Online Encyclopedia
• Wikipedia
• Public Health and Epidemiology Bulletin.