The End of the Civil War

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The End of the Civil War

• The Reunion of a Nation and the Death of a Hero

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The Gettysburg Address

• Gettysburg Address Speech given by Abraham
  Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg
• Dedicated the Gettysburg battlefield as a
  cemetery for those killed
• One of the most quoted speeches of all time
• 271 words that saved Lincoln from losing the 1864
  presidential election

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The Gettysburg Address

• "Four score and seven years ago, our
  fathers brought forth on this continent a new
  nation conceived in liberty, and dedicated to
  the proposition that all men are created equal.
  Now we are engaged in a great civil war. .
  .testing whether that nation, or any nation so
  conceived and so dedicated. . . can long endure.
  We are met on a great battlefield of that war.
  We have come to dedicate a portion of that
  field as a final resting place for those who here
  gave their lives that that nation might live. It
  is altogether fitting and proper that we should
  do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot
  dedicate. . .we cannot consecrate. . . we cannot
  hallow this ground. The brave men, living and
  dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far
  above our poor power to add or detract. The world
  will little note, nor long remember, what we say
  here, but it can never forget what they did here.
  It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated
  here to the unfinished work which they who fought
  here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is
  rather for us to be here dedicated to the great
  task remaining before us. . .that from these
  honored dead we take increased devotion to that
  cause for which they gave the last full measure
  of devotion. . . that we here highly resolve that
  these dead shall not have died in vain. . . that
  this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of
  freedom. . . and that government of the people. .
  .by the people. . .for the people. . . shall not
  perish from the earth. "

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Shermans March to the Sea

• General William T. Sherman led his army through
  Tennessee and into Georgia before burning the
  city of Atlanta and continuing to the Atlantic
  Ocean
• Total War Anyone and everyone (including
  civilians) is a target
• Tore up railroads
• Destroyed crops
• Burned and looted towns
• 19,000 slaves fled their plantations and followed
  Shermans army

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Presidential Election of 1864

• With victory in sight, Lincoln won reelection
• Ran as the National Union Party instead of
  Republican Party with the hope of uniting the
  North
• Vice President Andrew Johnson (a Democrat)
• Ran against George B. McClellan
• Yes, the General George McClellan

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Presidential Election of 1864
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Grant goes after Richmond, Virginia

• Richmond, Virginia
• Final piece of the Anaconda Plan
• Whatever happens, we will not retreat
• The Union captures Richmond

• Surrender at Appomattox Court House, Virginia
• April 9, 1865
• General Grant and General Lee meet
• The South surrenders and is given much needed
  food and safe passage home
• Amnesty Southerners are forgiven/pardoned for
  their rebellion against the U.S.

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The McLeans House
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Losses

• North
• 360,000 killed
• 275,000 wounded

• South
• 260,000 killed
• 100,000 wounded
• 40 of livestock was killed
• 50 of farm machinery destroyed
• Prior to the war, the South accounted for 30 of
  the nations wealth, but now only 12

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Lincolns Plans for Reconstruction

• With malice toward none with charity for
  all with firmness in the right as God gives us
  to see the right, let us strive on to finish the
  work we are in to bind up the nations wounds
  to care for him who shall have borne the battle,
  and for his widow, and his orphanto do all which
  may achieve and cherish, a just and lasting
  peace, among ourselves and with all nations.

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The 13th and 14th Amendments

• The Thirteenth Amendment Slavery is forever
  banned in the United States of America.
• The Fourteenth Amendment All people born or
  naturalized in the United States are considered
  American citizens and cannot have their life,
  liberty, or pursuit of happiness taken from them.
• By law, African Americans are considered equal.

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Five Days Later

• Abraham Lincoln attended My American Cousin at
  Fords Theatre
• During the play, Mrs. Lincoln whispered, What
  will Miss Harris think of my hanging onto you
  so? and Lincoln answered, She wont think
  anything about it.
• Those were Lincolns last words
• Confederate sympathizer (Copperhead) John Wilkes
  Booth shot Abraham Lincoln in the back of the
  head
• Plot to kill Secretary of State William Seward
  and Vice President Andrew Johnson failed
• About nine hours later, Abraham Lincoln passed
  away

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Reconstruction

• Lincolns plans for rebuilding the Union are
  handed off to Vice President Andrew Johnson