Title: Changes of stressed vowels in Middle English and New English
1Changes of stressed vowels in Middle English
and New English
21. ????- ?? ????-
- ?????? ?????????? ?? ???. ??????????
???????????? ???????? ??????? ????- ?? ????-
3????- ?? ????- (??????????)
- ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????-
?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??
?????? ????????????? ??????. ???????, ?????????
????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????- ??????????.
4-
- Insular Minuscule Script is replaced by the
Continental Minuscule Script
5? - replaced by the continental g? - g g
j ?
- Early ME
- g g d?
- 3 j X
- ?eon?, ?eard
6? - replaced by the continental g
- Late ME
- 3 j - y
- young, yard, year
- 3 X gh
- light lixt, night nixt, right rixt
7Runic letters fell into disuse Þ ð - th
8u v uf is no more used for v
- Orthographic reform of the XVII c. normalised the
use of u and v - u u
- v v
9Y became an equivalent of i at the end of a word
10u o munuc monk munk
lufian loven luven sune
sone sune
11Wide use of digraphs
- ou u
- OE hus ME hous hus
- OE ut ME out ut
- OE mus ME mous mus
- ie e
- chief t?ef thief ?ef
12Wide use of digraphs
- ch t?
- sh ?
- OE scip skip ME ship ??p
- dg d?
- wh OE hw
- OE hwæt ME what hwat
13Long vowels replaced by double letters
- OE fot ME foot fot
- OE boc ME book bok
- OE fet ME feet fet
- OE toþ ME tooth to?
14????- ?? ????- (??????????)
- ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????-
?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??
?????? ????????????? ??????. ???????, ?????????
????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????- ??????????.
15Runic letters fell into disuse Þ ð - th
16Qualitative vowel changes in ME
- OE y ME I
- OE cynin? - ME king
- OE fyrst ME first
- OE mys ME mice
17Qualitative vowel changes in ME
- OE a ME o ? spelling oa
- OE bat ME boat b?t
- OE ac ME oak ?k
- 2 long Os o spelling oo
- ? spelling oa
18Qualitative vowel changes in ME
- OE ea ea ME ? spelling ea
- OE east - ME east ?st
- 2 long Es e spelling ee
- ? spelling ea
19Quantitative vowel changes in early ME
- Short vowels lengthened before two homorganic
consonants sonorant plosive - OE cild ME child t?ild
- OE findan ME finden find?n
- OE climban ME climben klimb?n
20Quantitative vowel changes in early ME
- All other groups of two or more consonants
produced the reverse effect, they made the
preceding long vowels short - OE fifti? - ME fifty fifti
- OE fedde ME fedde fedd?
21Quantitative vowel changes in early ME
- Short vowels became long in open syllables
- OE nama ME name nam?
- OE mete ME mete met?
22Qualitative vowel changes in New English
- ME a NE æ
- ME man man NE man mæn
- ME wa NE wo
- ME was was NE was woz
- ME water water NE water wot?
23Qualitative vowel changes in New English
- ME u NE ?
- ME hut hut NE hut h?t
- ME loven luven NE love l?v
- ME X j NE I
- night niXt nijt niit nit
24Quantitative vowel changes in New English
- Lengthening before ss, st, nt, ft
- Shortening before ?, d, t, k
- ME plant plant NE plant plant
- ME after after NE after aft?
- ME deed ded NE dead ded
- ME book bok buk buk
- ME breath bre? NE breath bre?
25Great Vowel Shift
- table tabl? teibl
- maken mak?n meik
- stone st?n st?un
- open ?p?n ?up?n