World War I

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World War I

• Causes, Alliances, and the Battles Begin

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Cause 1- Nationalism

• Definition- The feeling that a specific nation,
  language, or culture is superior to all others.
• Became a force for unification in Europe and
  throughout the world
• We are a Nation

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Cause 2 -Imperialism

• Definition- Competition amongst Nations to build
  the largest overseas empires

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Cause 2 Imperialism

• England, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia all
  wanted empires overseas and in Europe
• Tension builds

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Cause 3- Militarism

• Relationships in Europe grew more strained
• Countries built up their armies aggressively
• By 1913, Germany had the most powerful Army in
  the world

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New Alliances

• Trying to create a balance of power
• No one would start a war without a real advantage!

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Triple Alliance member 1- Germany

• In 1879 Germany allied with Austria- Hungary

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Triple Alliance Member 2- Austria- Hungary

• What?
• This consists of what is now Austria and Hungary

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Triple Alliance member 3- Italy

• Joined Austria- Hungary and Germany in 1882

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Triple Entente member 1- France

• Concerned by Germanys Alliance, France formed a
  military alliance with Russia in 1893

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Triple Entente member 2- Russia

• Joined with France in 1893
• Reached an understanding with Britain in 1907.

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Triple Entente member 3- Britain

• Britain feared Germanys growing naval power,
  they reached entente (or understanding), 1st with
  France, next with Russia

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Who are they?

• Triple Entente
• France
• Russia
• Britain

• Triple Alliance
• Italy
• Germany
• Austria- Hungary

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STAY TUNED

• For the Spark that ignited war and beyond!

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The Spark that lit the fuse.

• 1908- Austria- Hungary annexed Bosnia
• Slavic nationalists (Bosnians)wanted to ally with
  Serbia
• Black Hand- group that used violence and were
  nationalists

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19 year old Black Hand member Gaurilo Princip
assassinates some one!

• Who?
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to thrown of
  Austria- Hungary)
• When?
• June 28, 1914
• Where?
• Sarajevo

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Result World War I Begins

• Austria- Hungary declares war on Serbia(Russian
  ally)
• Everybody fulfills commitments

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Central Powers

• Austria- Hungary
• Germany
• Bulgaria
• Ottoman Empire

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Allied Powers

• Britain
• France
• Russia
• Italy
• What?

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COMING SOON

• THE BATTLES BEGIN!

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1st Battle of the Marne (September 1914)

• German Army was within 25 miles of Paris
  (Schlieffen Plan)
• French Troops launched a counterattack at the
  Marne River
• Germans retreated
• Trench Warfare ensues
• 200,000 -French and Germans killed

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Battle of Verdun (February 1916- December 1916)

• French Verdun- town with Forts
• German would advance and try to bleed France to
  death- attack eventually called off
• Longest WWI battle
• Over 250, 000 killed
• French determination

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Battle of the Somme (July 1 to November 18- 1916)

• Chief Ally attack
• 20,000 British killed on first day (record)
• Goals- kill soldiers and gain territory
• Eventually called off

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2nd Battle of the Marne (July 15- September 16
-1918)

• Germanys last and desperate offense
• U.S.A. blew up every bridge on the Marne that
  Germans built
• U.S.A.- 30, 000 killed and wounded