Basic Pneumatics

1
Forging new generations of engineers
2
Basic Pneumatics
3
Properties of Compressed Air

• Availability
• Easily stored in large volumes
• Simplicity in design and control
• Provides linear and rotary movement
• Installation
• Low system cost due to low component cost

4
Properties of Compressed Air

• Components have long working life resulting in
  longer system reliability
• Environmentally friendly
• Safety issues are minimized e.g.. Fire hazards
  unaffected by overloads (actuators stall or slip)
• Pneumatic actuators in a system do not produce
  heat (except for friction)

5
Parts of a Pneumatic System
What are they? and What do they Do?
6
A Basic Pneumatic SystemAir Production and
Distribution System
Line Filter
Compressor
Pressure Switch
Check Valve
Motor
Pressure Gauge
Refrigerated Air Dryer
Drain
Tank
7
A Basic Pneumatic SystemAir Consumption System
Actuator
Drain
Directional Valve
Conditioning Unit
Air Line Take-off
8
Air Compression
Reciprocating
Single stage
Double Stage
9
Air Compression
Rotary
Screw
Vane
10
Compressor
11
Air Receiver
A pressure Vessel (Tank) normally made of metal
and installed either horizontally or vertically.
This vessel provides a volume of air to be
utilized by the system and reduced the loading
and unloading of the compressor.
Air Receiver (Tank)
12
Air Treatment
All atmospheric air carries both moisture and dust
Inlet Filter

• Used to remove large particle dirt from
• entering the system.

• Used to prevent excessive
• wear of cylinder, piston rings and other moving
  parts in the initial stage of the system

13
Air Dryer
Compressed air cannot hold the same amount of
moisture as non compressed air. Once the air is
compressed, some of the moisture condenses in the
tank and is removed through a drain valve. The
remaining moisture will rust internal components
of the system and must be removed. One way this
is done by sending the air through an air
conditioned chamber which will condense more of
the moisture which is present.
14
Regulating and Conditioning
The compressed air to be used in a system needs
to be treated because of contamination inside the
system. An example of this could be the scaling
of piped or worn seal material. A line filter is
used to collect water and solid impurities. A
Lubricator is used to vaporize oil into the air
stream to lubricate moving parts in the system
such as air tools
A regulator is used to adjust the line pressure
to a lower usable pressure needed for some tool
applications.
15
Control Valves
3 Port Pilot Valve
3 Port Pilot Valve
Double Pressure Operated 5 Port Valve
16
Actuators
The work done by a pneumatic actuator can be
linear or rotary.

• There are two basic types of linear cylinders
• Single-acting
• Double-acting