Title: The%20Federalists%20in%20Power%20and%20the%20Emergence%20of%20a%20Two-Party%20System
1The Federalists in Power and the Emergence of a
Two-Party System
2Who did the American people elect as the first
president of the United States?
3Who was Washingtons first Secretary of State?
4Who was Washingtons first Secretary of the
Treasury?
5What political party did Thomas Jefferson
organize?
- Democratic-Republican Party
6What is a political party?
- A group of people with similar beliefs about how
the government should be run
7What was another name for Jeffersons
Democratic-Republican Party?
8What political party did Alexander Hamilton
organize?
9What is the cabinet?
- Heads of the executive departments
- Official advisers to the president
10What does the Secretary of State do?
- Oversees the nations relations with foreign
countries - Handles foreign affairs
11What does the Secretary of the Treasury do?
- Advises the president on economic issues, like
taxes and government finance
12What is strict construction of the Constitution?
- An interpretation of the Constitution believing
that the powers of the federal government are
strictly defined
13What is loose construction of the Constitution?
- An interpretation of the Constitution believing
that the federal government has broad powers
14Did Jefferson believe in strict or loose
construction of the Constitution?
15Did Hamilton believe in strict or loose
construction of the Constitution?
16What clause of the Constitution allows Congress
to make all laws which shall be necessary and
proper to carry out those powers that are listed
in the Constitution?
17According to Alexander Hamilton, what specified
powers would the Bank of the United States help
Congress carry out?
18- Collecting taxes
- Borrowing money
- Paying the public debt
- Regulating commerce (trade)
19Who led the Democratic-Republican Party?
- Thomas Jefferson
- James Madison
20What were five beliefs of the Democratic-Republica
n Party?
21- Strict construction of the Constitution
- A weak national government (relative to the power
of the states) - Strong state governments
- An economy based on agriculture (farming)
- A pro-French foreign policy
22Who supported the Democratic-Republican Party?
- Farmers
- Artisans (skilled craftsmen)
- Frontier settlers
23In what region of the United States was the
Democratic-Republican Party strongest?
24Who led the Federalist Party?
- Alexander Hamilton
- John Adams
25What were five beliefs of the Federalist Party?
26- Loose construction of the Constitution
- A strong national government
- A national bank
- A commercial economy (based on manufacturing and
trade) - A pro-British foreign policy
27What groups supported the Federalist Party?
28In what region of the nation was the Federalist
Party strongest?
29Which political party supported the Jay Treaty?
30What was the most important provision (part) of
the Jay Treaty?
31- Great Britain agreed to evacuate or leave its
forts in the Ohio Valley and retreat to the
boundary line set by the treaty that ended the
Revolutionary War
32Who followed George Washington as president?
33What was President Adams policy towards France?
- An undeclared naval war against France
34What were three results of Adams policy towards
France?
35- Maintained peace with France
- Preserved the honor of the United States
- Made Adams less popular among members of his own
Federalist Party, who wanted the United States to
declare war against France
36Who was the most important Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court during the early years of the
United States?
37What was John Marshalls political party and what
was his home state?
38How did the Supreme Court decisions under John
Marshall strengthen the federal courts?
- Made the federal courts an independent and equal
branch of the United States government
39What is judicial review?
- The power of the courts to declare a law
unconstitutional
40What is a precedent?
- An example for future action
41What were three important decisions by the
Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall?
42- Marbury v. Madison
- McCulloch v. Maryland
- Gibbons v. Ogden
43How did the Supreme Court in the case of Marbury
v. Madison?
- Declared a federal law unconstitutional
44What precedent did Marbury v. Madison set?
45Why is judicial review so important to the
Supreme Court?
- Gives the Supreme Court its main check on the
power of Congress
46What doctrine did the Supreme Court set forth in
its McCulloch v. Maryland decision?
- Doctrine of implied powers
47What two legal questions were involved in the
McCulloch case?
48- 1) Did Congress have the authority to establish
the Bank of the United States? - 2) Did the Maryland law taxing the BUS
unconstitutionally interfere with congressional
powers?
49What two points did the Supreme Court make in
McCulloch v. Maryland?
50- 1) Congress had the power to create the BUS.
- 2) Maryland could not tax agencies of the
national government, which carried out
constitutional powers.
51What did Chief Justice Marshall say about implied
powers in the McCulloch Decision?
52- Congress possessed implied powers that the
Constitution did not specifically mention.
53What laws did Chief Justice Marshall declare to
be supreme in the McCulloch Decision?
54- The Constitution and federal laws
- Federal laws override state constitutions and
state laws.
55How did the Marshall Court rule on the Maryland
state law that taxed the Baltimore branch of the
Second Bank of the United States?
56- The Maryland state law that taxed the BUS was
unconstitutional.
57Who wrote, The Power to tax is the power to
destroy?
58- Chief Justice John Marshall
59What did the case of Gibbons v. Ogden involve?
60- the state of New Yorks regulations for
steamboats, which did business between New York
and another state New Jersey
61How did the Supreme Court rule in the case of
Gibbons v. Ogden?
62- that the federal government had complete control
over interstate commerce
63What is interstate commerce?
64What doctrine did the Marshall Court use to
settle disagreements between different branches
of the national government?
65- the doctrine of judicial review in Marbury v.
Madison
66What doctrine did the Marshall Court use to
settle disagreements between the federal
government and the states?
67- the doctrine of implied powers in McCulloch v.
Maryland
68In what case did the Marshall Court provide the
foundation block for the Supreme Court to settle
disagreements between competing business
interests?
69