NASA%20IKONOS%20Multispectral%20Radiometric%20Calibration%20and%203-year%20Temporal%20Stability%20Assessment - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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NASA%20IKONOS%20Multispectral%20Radiometric%20Calibration%20and%203-year%20Temporal%20Stability%20Assessment

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Title: NASA%20IKONOS%20Multispectral%20Radiometric%20Calibration%20and%203-year%20Temporal%20Stability%20Assessment


1
NASA IKONOS Multispectral Radiometric Calibration
and 3-year Temporal Stability Assessment
  • Mary PagnuttiLockheed Martin Space
    OperationsNASA Stennis Space Center
  • phone (228) 688-2135e-mail mary.pagnutti_at_ssc.n
    asa.gov
  • ISPRS Commission 1/WG2
  • International Workshop on
  • Radiometric and Geometric Calibration
  • December 1-5, 2003

2
Co-Authors
  • David Carver, Kara Holekamp, Kelly Knowlton, Dean
    Noel, Robert RyanLockheed Martin Space
    Operations - Stennis Programs
  • NASA Stennis Space Center
  • Vicki ZanoniNASA Earth Science Applications
    DirectorateNASA Stennis Space Center
  • Kurtis Thome
  • University of Arizona, Remote Sensing Group
  • Stephen Schiller
  • Raytheon Corporation
  • David Aaron
  • South Dakota State University

3
IKONOS Characterization Background
  • NASA procured 11M of IKONOS imagery for
    scientific research through the Scientific Data
    Purchase (SDP) program.
  • An independent assessment of the imagery was
    conducted to assure Earth science researchers
    that the imagery being utilized for scientific
    research met stated performance specifications.
  • NASA, USGS and NIMA coordinated radiometric,
    geometric and spatial characterization activities
    and formed the Joint Agency for Commercial
    Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) team to enable a more
    comprehensive, cost effective characterization.
  • NASA lead the radiometric characterization
    effort.

4
Space Imaging IKONOS
Sensor Details Panchromatic (PAN) and
multispectral (MS) pushbroom imaging system Band
Profiles PAN (526-929 nm), Blue (445-516 nm),
Green (506-595 nm), Red (632-698 nm), NIR
(757-853 nm) Resolution _at_ Nadir 0.88 m Pan, 3.52
m Multispectral Image Swath 11.3 km _at_
nadir Dynamic Range 11-bits per pixel Detector
Array 13,500 pixels cross-track (PAN), 3375
pixels cross-track (MS)
Satellite Details Launch Date September 24,
1999 Operation Life Over 7 years Orbit 98.1
degree, Sun synchronous Orbit Time Around Earth
98 minutes Revisit Time 3 days _at_ 1-m resolution
Ref Kramer, Herbert J., Observation of the Earth
and Its Environment, Survey of Missions and
Sensors. 4th edition, ppg 285-288.
5
NASA Radiometric Calibration Team
  • NASA Stennis Space Center
  • Earth Science Applications Directorate
  • Stennis Space Center, MS
  • University of Arizona
  • Remote Sensing Group
  • Tucson, AZ
  • South Dakota State University
  • Physics and Electrical Engineering Departments
  • Brookings, SD

6
NASA Radiometric Calibration Team Benefits
  • Three independent groups employed similar
    approach but different tools and techniques.
  • Checks and balances between groups
  • Removes/reduces any bias associated with one
    individual group or set of techniques.
  • Eight different study sites were utilized.
  • Removes/reduces any bias associated with a single
    study site.
  • Radiance values found within these study site
    scenes span the dynamic range of the sensor.

7
IKONOS Acquisition Sites
8
Brookings, SD Acquisition Site
  • Site South Dakota State University campus, 3M
    manufacturing plant, town, surrounding grassy
    fields and airport
  • Elevation 500 m
  • Center Point 44.30 N, 96.81 W
  • Targets Evaluated Grass, Radiometric Tarps,
    Concrete Parking Lot.
  • Acquisition Dates 6/30/00, 7/03/01, 7/17/01,
    7/25/01, 7/03/02, 7/22/02

9
Maricopa Agricultural Center, AZ Acquisition Site
  • Site Predominately agricultural scene, MAC is
    770 acres divided into 2 sections, several
    parcels of vegetation and soil types
  • Elevation 400 m
  • Center Point
  • 33.04 N, 111.58 W
  • Target Evaluated Wheat Field
  • Acquisition Date 7/26/01

10
NASA SSC, MS Acquisition Site
  • Site Scattered buildings within a heavily
    wooded area, man-made reservoirs and canals
  • Elevation 5.5 - 10 m
  • Center Point 30.39 N, 89.61 W
  • Targets Evaluated Grass Field, Concrete Parking
    Lot, Radiometric Tarps
  • Acquisition Dates 1/15/02, 2/17/02

11
West Texas Study Site, TX Acquisition Site
  • Site Urban city, including airport and runways,
    adjacent farms
  • Elevation 750 m
  • Target Evaluated Concrete Runway
  • Acquisition Dates 6/22/01, 8/05/01

12
US Southwest Acquisition Sites
  • Bright and Uniform
  • High reflectance minimizes atmospheric
    uncertainties
  • High Elevation
  • All acquisition sites above 3500 ft elevation
  • Minimal Precipitation and Cloud Cover
  • Maintains stability and increases chance of
    acquisition
  • Large
  • Minimizes adjacency effects

Railroad Valley, NV 38.51 N, 115.69 W
Ivanpah, CA 35.53 N, 115.38 W
Lunar Lake, NV 38.40 N, 115.99 W
White Sands Missile Range, NM 32.91 N, 106.37 W
13
Satellite Acquisitions
14
Reflectance-based Vicarious Calibration Approach
  • Measure target/ground reflectance coincident with
    the satellite acquisition
  • Measure atmospheric aerosols, and pressure,
    temperature and water vapor profiles coincident
    with the satellite acquisition.
  • Use these measurements along with acquisition
    geometry/location parameters as input into a
    radiative transfer model to predict at-sensor
    radiance.

Solar Irradiance
  • Atmosphere
  • (aerosols, molecules,
  • P, T, humidity)
  • scattering
  • absorption

IKONOS
Targets (uniform surface)
15
SSC Radiometric Characterization Techniques
16
Radiometric Tarps
  • Manufactured by MTL Systems, Inc.
  • 4 20-m x 20-m tarps with reflectance values of
    approximately 3.5, 22, 33, and 52.
  • Spectral measurement range of 400 to 1050 nm
  • Standard deviation about average reflectance less
    than 1 spatially
  • Peak to peak variation in reflectance less than
    10 within any 100-nm spectral band
  • Less than 10 variation in reflectance values
    when measuring tarps from 10 deg to 60 deg off
    axis
  • Each side is straight to within 6.0 centimeters
    over the 20-meter length
  • Each tarp panel has 60 square witness samples
    measuring 30.5 centimeters by 30.5 centimeters.

17
Reflectance Measurements
  • ASD FieldSpec FR Spectroradiometers measure
    spectral reflectance and radiance of 99
    reflectance Spectralon panels (Jackson BRDF
    Model) and radiometric targets.
  • ASD FieldSpec FR Spectroradiometers are
    radiometrically calibrated in the SSC Instrument
    Validation Lab (IVL) prior to field use.
  • All Measurements taken within 20 minutes of
    satellite overpass.
  • Most acquisition dates utilized multiple ASDs
    for cross comparison.
  • Typically 1000 spectra are averaged for each
    target.

18
Atmospheric Measurements
  • Cloud cover monitoring Total Sky Imager
  • Direct solar radiance Automated Solar
    Radiometer
  • Direct, total, and diffuse irradiance
    Multi-filter Rotating Shadow-band Radiometer
  • Vertical profiles of temperature, pressure and
    relative humidity Radiosonde Balloon

19
Cross Comparison of Atmospheric Data
Optical depth comparisons are made between
fielded instruments that have different channels
and measurement principles.
ASR Channels MFRSR Channels
380 nm
400 nm 415
440 nm
520 nm 500
610 nm 615
670 nm 673
780 nm
870 nm 870
1030 nm
20
In Field Calibration of Solar Radiometers
Langley data points are in instrument units that
corresponds to irradiance. Top of atmosphere
irradiance (Vo) values for each channel are
derived from extrapolation to zero airmass.
Historical Vo values are tracked over time to
verify calibration stability. Top of atmosphere
irradiance varies minimally throughout the year,
giving a near constant for comparison.
21
MODTRAN At-Sensor Radiance Prediction Process
COLLECT GROUND TRUTH DATA
INGEST AND REDUCE ASD SURFACE DATA
INGEST AND REDUCE RADIOSONDE DATA
INGEST AND ANALYZE SOLAR RADIOMETER DATA
Radiometry Data Processing Software Suite
USER DEFINED ATMOSPHERE
AEROSOL DENSITY and SCATTERING ASYMMETRY
SPECTRAL ALBEDO
MODTRAN INPUT
MODTRAN ASD/SPECTRALON GEOMETRY
CHECK and REVIEW INPUT PARAMETERS
RADIANCE PREDICTION AGREES WITH ASD
NO
MODTRAN AT-SENSOR RADIANCE PREDICTION
YES
MODTRAN W/ IKONOS GEOMETRY and FILTER FILES
22
2000 Calibration Results
23
2001 Calibration Results
24
2002 Calibration Results
25
Calibration Coefficients
Denotes NASA estimate made prior to the Space
Imagings image processing upgrade.
26
3 Year IKONOS Calibration Summary
27
Summary
  • The temporal stability of the radiometric
    calibration coefficients for the IKONOS imaging
    system has been shown to be stable for the first
    three years of operation.
  • Based on the uncertainty of our at-sensor
    radiance predictions, IKONOS has shown no
    appreciable sign of sensor drift.
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