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Underbalanced Drilling UBD

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Underbalanced Drilling (UBD) Lesson 1. Introduction ... Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering ... Percussion Tools. Ability to Re-Circulate Fluids. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Underbalanced Drilling UBD


1
Underbalanced Drilling (UBD)
  • Lesson 1
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
2
Introduction
  • Course Syllabus
  • Texts

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
3
Introduction
  • What is UBD
  • Why Drill Underbalanced
  • Techniques and Limitations
  • Historical Perspectives

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
4
Course Description
  • This course provides an introduction and
    application of techniques that can be utilized in
    underbalanced drilling. It will cover topics
    such as BOP equipment, the types of drilling
    fluids used (air, mist foam, etc.), flow
    drilling, and mud cap drilling.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
5
Text
  • Underbalanced Drilling Manual
  • Gas Research Institute, GRI,
  • Chicago, 1997.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
6
References
  • A project Management Approach To

    Underbalanced Operations.
  • Signa Engineering Corp., Houston, 1998.
  • Mudlite Air/Mist/Foam Hydraulics Model.
  • Maurer Engineering Inc., Houston, 1988
  • Selected papers and texts.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
7
Instructor
  • Dr. Jerome J. Schubert, PE, CPA
  • Phone 979/862-1195
  • Office Richardson Rm 501K
  • e-mail schubert_at_spindletop.tamu.edu

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
8
What is UBD
  • Wellbore pressures intentionally maintained
    below formation pressure in the open hole
    section.
  • Formation fluids flow into the well.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
9
Additional Definitions
  • Flow (Live) operations.
  • Operations intentionally undertaken

    with a
    liquid drilling fluid system where the
    hydrostatic pressure exerted by the liquid column
    is below formation pore pressure such that the
    formation fluid is allowed to flow to the surface
    during the operations.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
10
Additional Definitions, cont
  • Gasified Fluid Operations. (Aerated Fluid
    Operated).
  • Operations intentionally undertaken with a
    two-phase drilling fluid containing some form of
    gas mixed with a liquid phase.
  • Gasified fluids normally do not contain a
    surfactant.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
11
Additional Definitions, cont
  • Foam Operations
  • Operations intentionally undertaken with a
    two-phase drilling fluid containing some form of
    gas mixed with a liquid phase and tied together
    with a surfactant.
  • The liquid is the continuous phase.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
12
Additional Definitions, cont
  • Mist Operations
  • Intentionally drilling with a two-phase fluid
    having a gas as the continuous phase.
  • The liquid in this fluid system is suspended in
    the mixture as droplets.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
13
Additional Definitions, cont
  • Air Operations
  • Intentionally drilling using a pure gas as the
    drilling fluid.
  • The gas can be air, nitrogen, natural gas, or any
    combination of gases.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
14
Additional Definitions, cont
  • Mudcap Operations
  • Operations undertaken when the annular pressure
    during flow drilling exceeds the safe pressure
    limit of the rotating control element.
  • Mudcap operations are not UB operation, but often
    are a result of drilling underbalanced and employ
    many of the same techniques and equipment.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
15
Additional Definitions, cont
  • Snubbing Operations
  • An intentional operation that employs either a
    snubbing unit or coiled-tubing unit in order to
    operate at surface pressures that exceed the
    limits of rotating control elements such as
    rotating heads or rotating blowout preventers.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
16
Additional Definitions, cont
  • Coiled-tubing drilling
  • Use of a continuous-spool of pipe to drill with
    instead of the conventional jointed drillpipe.
  • CT units were originally designed to operate on
    live wells with surface pressure, without the
    requirement that the well be killed prior to
    entering the wellbore.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
17
Why drill underbalanced?
  • Increased Penetration Rate.
  • Increased Bit Life.
  • Minimized Lost Circulation.
  • Minimize Differential Sticking.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
18
Why drill underbalanced?
  • Reduced Formation Damage.
  • Earlier Production.
  • Reduced Stimulation Requirements.
  • Improved Formation Evaluation.
  • Environmental Benefits.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
19
Historical perspectives
  • UBD operations are as old as the drilling
    industry
  • First wells were drilled with cable tool.
  • Cable tool drilling was underbalanced.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
20
Historical perspectives
  • In 1866 a patent for air drilling was issued.
  • First recorded use of a gasified fluid was in
    West Texas in 1932.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
21
Historical perspectives
  • In 1938 mist was used by
  • The Texas Company to drill in California.
  • Natural gas was continuous phase and oil was the
    liquid phase.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
22
Historical perspectives
  • Interest dropped off using gas as a drilling
    fluid until the 1950s were it showed a
    resurgence in
  • Canada.
  • West and Central Texas.
  • Utah.
  • San Juan Basin of New Mexico.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
23
Historical Perspectives
Typical of Nat Gas operations in New Mexico
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
24
Historical Perspectives
Early Air Compressors used in air drilling
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
25
Historical Perspectives
Natural Gas drilling in West Texas.
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
26
Historical Perspectives
In the 1960s, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
began to study the use of foams to clean
wellbores as large as 60 in diameter from 45
feet as 2000 feet.
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
27
Historical perspectives
  • Until the mid 1980s UBD was just a niche
    industry, and only utilized in certain areas
    around the world.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
28
Mid 1980s Horizontal Drilling Became Fairly
Common (Plot is for three companies)
No. of Wells
Year
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
29
Growth in Horizontal Drilling Spurred the
Resurgence in UBD (US operations)
Mid 1980s Horizontal Drilling Became Fairly
Common (Plot is for three companies)
Total Lightweight Fluid Wells
Year
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
30
  • Until 1987 the maximum working pressure rating of
    rotating heads was 150-300 psi.
  • RBOP was developed with a working pressure of
    1000 psi.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
31
Rotating Control Devices
RBOP-1000 psi (1987)
PCWD-3000 psi (1995)
RCH-2500 psi (1995)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
32
Closed Loop System
  • Allows re-use of the drilling fluids in foam
    systems environmentally friendly.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
33
Nitrogen Generation System
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
34
Electromagnetic MWD Tools
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
35
Hollow Glass Spheres
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
36
Factors Leading to Increased UBD
  • Horizontal Drilling.
  • Closed Systems.
  • High-Pressure Rotating Control Devices.
  • Electromagnetic MWD Systems.
  • HP HV Compressors.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
37
Factors Leading to Increased UBD
  • Increased Availability of Nitrogen.
  • Better Reservoir and Rock Strength
  • Analysis.
  • Improved Hydraulics Analysis.
  • Percussion Tools.
  • Ability to Re-Circulate Fluids.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
38
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
39
PETE 689 Underbalanced Drilling (UBD)
End of Lesson 1
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
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