Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources David R. Maidment University of Texas at Austin

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Arc Hydro GIS for Water ResourcesDavid R.
MaidmentUniversity of Texas at Austin

• Arc Hydro
• Culmination of a 3-yr effort
• GIS in Water Resources Consortium
• Customization of ArcGIS for water resources
• Arc Hydro toolset and application framework

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GIS in Water Resources Consortium

• Bringing together these two communities by using
  a common geospatial data model
• http//www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr

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ArcGIS Introduces

• A new geographic data model
• A new geographic database
• Stored in an Relational Database (Geodatabase)
• ArcObjects
• Component Object Model (COM) objects that access
  geographic data
• Works like MS Word, Excel, Powerpoint, .

Geodatabase MS Access OracleSQL Server
Informix DB2
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What is Arc Hydro?

• An data infrastructure for storing and
  integrating hydro data within ArcGIS
• A set of hydro objects built on top of ArcObjects
• A set of standardized attributes
• A vocabulary for describing data (glossary)
• A toolset for implementing the data model

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Geodatabase Model
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Features

• Features are geographic objects stored in
  relational database tables
• Feature location is an attribute of type shape
• Point, Multipoint, Line, Polygon
• Attributes and geometry are stored together not
  in separate files as in Arc Info 7 and ArcView 3

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Feature DataSets

• A holder for a set of feature classes having a
  common coordinate system and spatial extent

GeoDatabase
FeatureDataset
FeatureClass
Object Class
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Extensible Data Model
Row
Feature
Measurement
NetworkFeature
Basin
JunctionFeature
EdgeFeature
ComplexEdge
SimpleJunction
Stream
Gage
Confluence
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Arc Hydro Components
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Hydrologic Information System
Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making
Arc Hydro Geodatabase
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Arc Hydro Data Model
Hydrology
Hydrography
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Data Model Based on Inventory
Streams Drainage Areas Hydrography Channels
Terrain Surfaces Rainfall Response Digital
Orthophotos
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Data Model Based on Behavior
Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the
land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.
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Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral
Model
Relationships between objects linked by tracing
path of water movement
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Arc Hydro USA

• Arc Hydro Framework dataset for USA at 1500,000
  scale
• Built from USGS and National Weather Service data
• MonitoringPoints are USGS stream gaging stations

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Arc Hydro geodatabase for City of Austin
Hydro response units are based on the land use map
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Arc Hydro Framework Input Data
Watersheds
Waterbody
Streams
Monitoring Points
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Arc Hydro Framework
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Arc Hydro Framework Dataset for the Guadalupe
Basin
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HydroNetwork through Canyon Lake
Flowlines through water body
Generic Junction (for topological connection of
edges)
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HydroJunction has Waterbody Relationship
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National Hydro Data Programshttp//www.crwr.utexa
s.edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro.html
National Elevation Dataset (NED)
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
Watershed Boundary Dataset
Elevation Derivatives for National Application
(EDNA)
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Hydrologic Cataloging Units (HUCS)
Hydrologic Unit Code 12100203
Guadalupe Basin (4 HUCs)

• 2015 HUCs cover continental US
• average area 1 county

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Watersheds of the Guadalupe Basin
NWS forecast Watersheds (flooding)
Guadalupe HydroNetwork
EPA TMDL Segments (water quality)
TNRCC water availability points (water supply)
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Regional Analysis
HydroNetwork to provide connectivity of flow
through large regions
Digital elevation model for terrain analysis
within basins
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Scales of representation of Drainage Systems
Basins drainage areas for water resources
management
Watersheds subdivision of Basin for a
particular hydrologic purpose
Catchments subdivision of Basin into elementary
drainage areas by physical rules
Digital Elevation Model land surface terrain
grid cells
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Catchments, DrainageLines and DrainagePoints
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Catchments Subdivided at Watershed Outlet
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Area to Area Navigation
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EDNA Catchments
Average area 7.5 km2
Designed for remapping of Nexrad data onto
drainage units
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Arc Hydro and Modeling

• Intrinsic Modeling within a particular
  application eg Excel, ArcGIS
• Dynamic Linked Library tightly coupled package
  of functions (e.g. LibHydro from HEC)
• Independent Modeling separate hydrologic model
  with data exchange

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Intrinsic Hydrologic Modeling

• Dr Tarboton
• DEM-based hydrologic modeling
• Mean annual flows and pollutant loads
• USGS
• Stream Stats

Streamstats
http//ststdmamrl.er.usgs.gov/streamstats/expert.h
tm
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Interfaces to Arc Hydro Data and Models
Excel
ArcGIS
Relational Database (Access)
Visual Basic
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Dynamic Linked Library
Can have Fortran subroutines in a DLL
Muskingum flow routing
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Independent Hydrologic Model
VB progam reads and writes text files
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Flood Hydrology and Hydraulics
ArcView Input Data DEM
ArcView Flood plain maps
HEC-GeoHMS
Hec-GeoRAS
HEC-RAS Water surface profiles
HEC-HMS Flood discharge
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Austin Digital Elevation Model
Waller Creek
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Austin Watersheds
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DEM Watersheds for Austin
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Selected Watersheds and Streams
Mansfield Dam
Colorado River
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HMS Schematic Prepared with HEC-GeoHMS
Mansfield Dam
Colorado River
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HMS Model of the Austin Region
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HMS Results
Watershed 155
Junction 44
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Colorado River Network
1100,000 scale Developed from National
Hydrography Dataset
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City of Austin Stream Network
Developed from 1100 Capco Areal
photogrammetry 11200 scale
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Stream Definition Waller Creek
Austin Watersheds with Streamsderived from
Aerial Photographs
Streamlines generated by the aerial photographs
are not always continuous.
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Waller Creek HMS Model
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Connecting HMS and RAS
Hydrology Model defines flows (HMS)
Hydraulic Model defines water surface elevations (
RAS)
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Flood Hydrology and Hydraulics
ArcView Input Data DEM
ArcView Flood plain maps
HEC-GeoHMS
Hec-GeoRAS
HEC-RAS Water surface profiles
HEC-HMS Flood discharge
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Flood Plain Mapping
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HEC-RAS Background

• River Analysis System model of the U.S. Army
  Corps of Engineers
• Input cross-section geometry and flow rates
• Output flood water elevations

Cross-Section Schematic
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Waller Creek
Watersheds
Network
Channel
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HEC-RAS Output

• Graphical

• Text File

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Floodplain Mapping Plan View
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3D Terrain Modeling Ultimate Goal
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What software do you need?

• ArcView 8.2
• Viewing, querying existing geodatabases
• Editing feature classes and adding data
• Spatial Analyst for ArcGIS
• To operate the raster tools in Arc Hydro
• ArcInfo 8.2
• To build geometric networks and create new
  relationships

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Arc Hydro Tools Version 1.0

• Raster processing
• DEM processing
• Watershed delineation
• Vector processing
• Arc Hydro attributes
• Network analysis
• Time Series and Application Utilities
• Buttons

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Status of the HEC-related Software

• HEC-GeoHMS ver 1.0 available from HEC for ArcView
  version 3 (version 1.1 to be released soon)
  http//www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/software_di
  strib/geo-hms4arcview/geohmsprogram.html
• Arc Hydro terrain and watershed functions replace
  some but not all of HEC-GeoHMS
• HEC-GeoRAS ver 3.0 http//www.hec.usace.army.mil/s
  oftware/software_distrib/geo-ras4arcview/georaspro
  gram.html
• ESRI has developed a beta-version of GeoRAS for
  ArcGIS (integrated with Arc Hydro)

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Tools (Dean Djokic)
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Arc Hydro Time Series Object
TSDateTime
TSValue
FeatureID
TSType
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National Water Information System
Arc Hydro NWIS data retrieval tool
Web access to USGS water resources data
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Streamflow Information in Space and Time
Future Possibilities
Current
Time
Real Time data
Historical daily mean discharge
Streamstats
Streamflow statistics
At Gages
Anywhere on a Stream
Space
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HydroID and HydroCode
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Retrieving NWIS Data

• Select Gage Layer
• Enter Period of Record

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Streamflow Time Series
Arc Hydro Time Series Table
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Time Series Extracted to Excel(In Excel, use
Data/Get External Data to query Geodatabase)
Excel view
Geodatabase view
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HRAP Cells for Nexrad Data
Average area 14.5 km2
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Coupling Spatial and Temporal Data
1 hour Nexrad Rainfall on the Guadalupe
Basin October 13, 2001
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Water Balance in the Landscape
Atmospheric Water
Precipitation
Evaporation
Runoff
Soil Water
Surface Water
Recharge
Baseflow
Groundwater
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EDNA Catchments
Average area 7.5 km2
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Intersection of Nexrad and Catchments
Surface Water Balance
Atmospheric Water
Soil Water
Surface Water
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Modflow Groundwater Cells
Modflow Model of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer
Average area 2.6 km2
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Intersection of Nexrad and Modflow Cells
Atmospheric Water
Groundwater Balance
Groundwater
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Intersection of Nexrad, Catchments and Modflow
Atmospheric Water
Soil Water
Surface Water
Groundwater
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DHI Tools for TimeSeries Management and Analysis

• Manages TimeSeries Data at the GeoDatabase level
• An ArcHydro based GeoDatabase
• Import from a variety of formats (DHI, USGS, text
  file)
• Query for Data Types
• Manages TimeSeries Data for Features
• Plot
• Statistics
• Query for Time Periods
• Performs Calculations and Analysis
• Mean Area Rainfall
• Thematic groups of time series
• Water Users (Industrial, Irrigators)
• Data Types (Rainfall, Evaporation)

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Import TimeSeries

USGS
USGS Bridge
HEC
Geo Database
HEC Bridge
dfs0
dfs0 Bridge
Slides provided by Michael Blongewicz, DHI Water
and Environment, Denmark
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Manage TimeSeries Data within ArcMap
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At the GeoDatabase level
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At the Feature level
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Feature based update Properties, plot,
statistics
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Geoprocessing and Terrain Analysis (Steve Kopp)
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River Modeling

• River hydraulic modeling provides a tool to study
  and gain understanding of hydraulic flow
  phenomena
• Topographic data describe the geometry of the
  simulated river system and permit the
  establishment of model topology
• HEC-RAS, MIKE 11 hydraulic models require channel
  information for model development

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River Morphology
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Flood Inundation
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Floodplain Delineation
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Floodplain Delineation
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Channel and Cross-Section
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ProfileLines
Types 1- Thalweg 2- LeftBank 3- RightBank 4-
LeftFloodLine 5- RightFloodLine
ProfileLines and CrossSections are linked through
Channel_ID
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TIN as a source of cross-sections
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CrossSections
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Data for channels

• Bathymetry data for channels mainly include
  points with (x,y,z) attributes.
• Data can be collected using
• Traditional methods (surveying)
• Depth sounder (using a boat)
• LIDAR ( Light Detection and Ranging)
• SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), etc.

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Data analysis(Research of Venkatesh Merwade,
CRWR)
Start with points
Extract all the necessary information
Create surface from points
How do we do this.
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Defining a Thalweg
Input
Output
Step 1
Step 3
Step 4
Step 2
User defines an arbitrary centerline over the
measurement points
Thalweg tool creates a surface using the
measurement points
Normals are drawn at each vertex of the
centerline to locate deepest points
All the deepest points replace the vertices of
the old centerline
Final result is a 3D polyline defining the thalweg
Densify the initial centerline to get more points
Old vertices
New vertices
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Measure in ArcGIS
A PolylineMZ can store m and z at each vertex
along with x and y coordinates.
112.3213
64.0056
0
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Coordinate Transformation
m is measure along the centerline r is distance
across the river from the centerline
Sinuous river becomes straight when transformed
into (m,r) co-ordinates.
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A straightened channel!
r
y
m
Coordinates measured along and across the channel
x
Northing and Easting Coordinates
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Surface in transformed co-ordiantes
Straightened river
Profile line and cross-sections
Sinuous river
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Straightened channel as a 3D Fishnet
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Transform the data back to x,y coordinates
Profile lines and cross-sections in (x,y) created
using FishNet in (m,r).
Original river in X,Y
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Profile Lines and Cross Sections in 3D
Birds eye view!
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Breaklines

• Profile lines are actually breaklines but they
  are created using a surface.
• Need a methodology to create breaklines before
  generating a surface (especially TIN) in order to
  handle false dams.

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GIS for River Channels
Measurement points
Surface
Develop generic ways to create all the channel
features from measurement points. This task is
almost finished.
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Cross-sections comparison
Cross-section without breaklines
Cross-section with breaklines
Both cross-sections are created using a TIN.
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Channel Movie
The channel of the Brazos River near Sealy, TX.
Bathymetry is recorded using a depth sounder
from a boat. Land surface is represented using
NED and DOQ