The Locus of the Gratton Effect in PictureWord Interference - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 40
About This Presentation
Title:

The Locus of the Gratton Effect in PictureWord Interference

Description:

leendert_at_ai.rug.nl. Memory is vital for behavior. Picture-word interference ... Leendert van Maanen (leendert_at_ai.rug.nl) Niels Taatgen. Hedderik van Rijn ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:124
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 41
Provided by: Leen3
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: The Locus of the Gratton Effect in PictureWord Interference


1
ACT-R Workshop Schedule Opening ACT-R from
CMUs Perspective 900 - 945 Overview of
ACT-R -- John R. Anderson 945 1030 Details
of ACT-R 6.0 -- Dan Bothell Break 1030
1100 Presentations 1 Architecture 1100 1130
Functional constraints on architectural
mechanisms -- Christian Lebiere 1130 1200
Retrieval by Accumulating Evidence in ACT-R --
Leendert van Maanen 1200 1230 A mechanism
for decisions in the absence of prior reward --
Vladislav D. Veksler Lunch 1230
130 Presentations 2 Extensions 130 200
ACT-R forays into the semantic web -- Lael J.
Schooler 200 230 Making Models Tired A
Module for Fatigue -- Glenn F. Gunzelmann 230
300 Acting outside the box Truly embodied
ACT-R -- Anthony Harrison 300 - 330
Interfacing ACT-R with different types of
environments and with different techniques
Issues and Suggestions.-- Michael J.
Schoelles Break 330 400 Panel 400 530
Future of ACT-R from a non-CMU Perspective
Danilo Fum, Kevin A. Gluck, Wayne D. Gray, Niels
A. Taatgen, J. Gregory Trafton, Richard M. Young
2
Retrieval by Accumulating Evidence in ACT-R
Leendert van Maanen University of
Groningen leendert_at_ai.rug.nl
3
Memory is vital for behavior
4
Picture-word interference
5
Picture-word interference
Giraffe
6
Picture-word interference data
0.1
(Glaser Düngelhoff, 1984)
7
ACT-R model of PWI task
8
ACT-R model of PWI task
9
ACT-R model of PWI task
10
ACT-R model of PWI task
11
ACT-R model of PWI task
12
ACT-R model of PWI task
13
ACT-R model of PWI task
14
ACT-R model of PWI task
15
Expected model of PWI task
16
The ACT-R retrieval process
17
Sequential Sampling framework
threshold ?
Accumulators
18
Sequential Sampling framework
threshold ?
Giraffe
Accumulators
19
Sequential Sampling
  • Response time Decision time Additional
    processes

20
RACE/A
  • Retrieval by accumulating evidence
  • Accumulates activation
  • Until a decision criterion
  • Integration of cognitive architecture and
    sequential sampling model
  • Both the control structure of ACT-R
  • And the level of detail from sequential sampling
    models (specifically, Leaky Competitive
    Accumulator, Usher McClelland, 2001)

21
The RACE/A retrieval process
22
The RACE/A retrieval process
23
The RACE/A retrieval process
24
Picture-word Interference Model
0.1
(Glaser Düngelhoff, 1984)
25
RACE/A Parameters
  • race-saliency
  • external activation
  • ratio-ratio
  • decision boundary
  • race-a
  • decay rate (complements d)
  • race-b
  • spreading activation scaling factor
  • Baselevel activation
  • Spreading activation (Sji)

26
RACE/A Parameters
  • race-saliency
  • external activation
  • ratio-ratio
  • decision criterion
  • race-a
  • decay rate (complements d)
  • race-b
  • spreading activation scaling factor
  • Baselevel activation
  • Spreading activation

27
race-saliency
28
RACE/A Parameters
  • race-saliency
  • external activation
  • ratio-ratio
  • decision boundary
  • race-a
  • decay rate (complements d)
  • race-b
  • spreading activation scaling factor
  • Baselevel activation
  • Spreading activation

29
Baselevel activation differences
30
RACE/A Parameters
  • race-saliency
  • external activation
  • ratio-ratio
  • decision boundary
  • race-a
  • decay rate (complements d)
  • race-b
  • spreading activation scaling factor
  • Baselevel activation
  • Spreading activation (Sji)

31
Spreading activation differences
32
RACE/A Parameters
  • race-saliency
  • external activation
  • ratio-ratio
  • decision boundary
  • race-a
  • decay rate (complements d)
  • race-b
  • spreading activation scaling factor
  • Baselevel activation
  • Spreading activation

33
race-a
34
Sequences of retrievals
  • RACE/A dependencies between declarative
    retrievals

35
RACE/A may be useful for
  • Models of competitive processes
  • Stroop task / Picture-word interference (Van
    Maanen Van Rijn, 2008)
  • Classification
  • Absolute identification
  • Models of sequences of retrievals
  • Language production/interpretation
  • (Diagnostic) reasoning
  • Psychological refractory period (Van Maanen et
    al, in press, PBR)

36
Summary RACE/A
  • Integration of cognitive architecture and
    sequential sampling model
  • ACT-R
  • Leaky Competitive Accumulator (Usher
    McClelland, 2001)
  • Meant to explain
  • Competitive processes in memory retrieval
  • Sequential processes in memory retrieval
  • Especially useful in complex tasks
  • For example PWI-PRP (eg. ICCM talk)

37
More information
  • Download module documentation
  • http//www.ai.rug.nl/leendert/race
  • Contact me
  • leendert_at_ai.rug.nl
  • Read my thesis

38
Thank you for your attention!
Niels Taatgen
Hedderik van Rijn
  • Collaborators
  • Leendert van Maanen (leendert_at_ai.rug.nl)

39
Multilink priming
  • Mediated priming effects found (Becker,
    Moscovitch, Behrmann, Joordens, 1997 Joordens
    Besner, 1992)
  • Bull primes milk (via cow)
  • Evidence for spreading activation over multiple
    connections

40
Activation in ACT-R and RACE/A
  • Activation in ACT-R based on rational analysis
  • Neural implementation (ACTR/NN)
  • Neural interpretation (Anderson, 2007)
  • Shows that ACT-Rs latency equation make similar
    predictions as accumulator models (in the
    one-chunk case!)
  • Activation in RACE/A based on neurally inspired
    accumulator models
  • the RACE/A decision process is an estimate of the
    optimal (rational) decision time (MSPRT,
    McMillen Holmes, 2006)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com