Title: The Locus of the Gratton Effect in PictureWord Interference
1ACT-R Workshop Schedule Opening ACT-R from
CMUs Perspective 900 - 945 Overview of
ACT-R -- John R. Anderson 945 1030 Details
of ACT-R 6.0 -- Dan Bothell Break 1030
1100 Presentations 1 Architecture 1100 1130
Functional constraints on architectural
mechanisms -- Christian Lebiere 1130 1200
Retrieval by Accumulating Evidence in ACT-R --
Leendert van Maanen 1200 1230 A mechanism
for decisions in the absence of prior reward --
Vladislav D. Veksler Lunch 1230
130 Presentations 2 Extensions 130 200
ACT-R forays into the semantic web -- Lael J.
Schooler 200 230 Making Models Tired A
Module for Fatigue -- Glenn F. Gunzelmann 230
300 Acting outside the box Truly embodied
ACT-R -- Anthony Harrison 300 - 330
Interfacing ACT-R with different types of
environments and with different techniques
Issues and Suggestions.-- Michael J.
Schoelles Break 330 400 Panel 400 530
Future of ACT-R from a non-CMU Perspective
Danilo Fum, Kevin A. Gluck, Wayne D. Gray, Niels
A. Taatgen, J. Gregory Trafton, Richard M. Young
2Retrieval by Accumulating Evidence in ACT-R
Leendert van Maanen University of
Groningen leendert_at_ai.rug.nl
3Memory is vital for behavior
4Picture-word interference
5Picture-word interference
Giraffe
6Picture-word interference data
0.1
(Glaser Düngelhoff, 1984)
7ACT-R model of PWI task
8ACT-R model of PWI task
9ACT-R model of PWI task
10ACT-R model of PWI task
11ACT-R model of PWI task
12ACT-R model of PWI task
13ACT-R model of PWI task
14ACT-R model of PWI task
15Expected model of PWI task
16The ACT-R retrieval process
17Sequential Sampling framework
threshold ?
Accumulators
18Sequential Sampling framework
threshold ?
Giraffe
Accumulators
19Sequential Sampling
- Response time Decision time Additional
processes
20RACE/A
- Retrieval by accumulating evidence
- Accumulates activation
- Until a decision criterion
- Integration of cognitive architecture and
sequential sampling model - Both the control structure of ACT-R
- And the level of detail from sequential sampling
models (specifically, Leaky Competitive
Accumulator, Usher McClelland, 2001)
21The RACE/A retrieval process
22The RACE/A retrieval process
23The RACE/A retrieval process
24Picture-word Interference Model
0.1
(Glaser Düngelhoff, 1984)
25RACE/A Parameters
- race-saliency
- external activation
- ratio-ratio
- decision boundary
- race-a
- decay rate (complements d)
- race-b
- spreading activation scaling factor
- Baselevel activation
- Spreading activation (Sji)
26RACE/A Parameters
- race-saliency
- external activation
- ratio-ratio
- decision criterion
- race-a
- decay rate (complements d)
- race-b
- spreading activation scaling factor
- Baselevel activation
- Spreading activation
27race-saliency
28RACE/A Parameters
- race-saliency
- external activation
- ratio-ratio
- decision boundary
- race-a
- decay rate (complements d)
- race-b
- spreading activation scaling factor
- Baselevel activation
- Spreading activation
29Baselevel activation differences
30RACE/A Parameters
- race-saliency
- external activation
- ratio-ratio
- decision boundary
- race-a
- decay rate (complements d)
- race-b
- spreading activation scaling factor
- Baselevel activation
- Spreading activation (Sji)
31Spreading activation differences
32RACE/A Parameters
- race-saliency
- external activation
- ratio-ratio
- decision boundary
- race-a
- decay rate (complements d)
- race-b
- spreading activation scaling factor
- Baselevel activation
- Spreading activation
33race-a
34Sequences of retrievals
- RACE/A dependencies between declarative
retrievals
35RACE/A may be useful for
- Models of competitive processes
- Stroop task / Picture-word interference (Van
Maanen Van Rijn, 2008) - Classification
- Absolute identification
- Models of sequences of retrievals
- Language production/interpretation
- (Diagnostic) reasoning
- Psychological refractory period (Van Maanen et
al, in press, PBR)
36Summary RACE/A
- Integration of cognitive architecture and
sequential sampling model - ACT-R
- Leaky Competitive Accumulator (Usher
McClelland, 2001) - Meant to explain
- Competitive processes in memory retrieval
- Sequential processes in memory retrieval
- Especially useful in complex tasks
- For example PWI-PRP (eg. ICCM talk)
37More information
- Download module documentation
- http//www.ai.rug.nl/leendert/race
- Contact me
- leendert_at_ai.rug.nl
- Read my thesis
38Thank you for your attention!
Niels Taatgen
Hedderik van Rijn
- Collaborators
- Leendert van Maanen (leendert_at_ai.rug.nl)
39Multilink priming
- Mediated priming effects found (Becker,
Moscovitch, Behrmann, Joordens, 1997 Joordens
Besner, 1992) - Bull primes milk (via cow)
- Evidence for spreading activation over multiple
connections
40Activation in ACT-R and RACE/A
- Activation in ACT-R based on rational analysis
- Neural implementation (ACTR/NN)
- Neural interpretation (Anderson, 2007)
- Shows that ACT-Rs latency equation make similar
predictions as accumulator models (in the
one-chunk case!) - Activation in RACE/A based on neurally inspired
accumulator models - the RACE/A decision process is an estimate of the
optimal (rational) decision time (MSPRT,
McMillen Holmes, 2006)