Title: Corn Ethanol Co-Products For Finishing Beef Cattle
1Corn Ethanol Co-Products For Finishing Beef Cattle
- Darrell R. Mark, University of NebraskaLincoln
- Galen Erickson, University of NebraskaLincoln
- Crystal Buckner, University of NebraskaLincoln
2Types of Corn Co-Products
- Corn gluten feed wet mill
- Corn bran steep
- Can be wet or dry
- Moderate crude protein, CP 16-23
- 80 of CP is DIP (ruminally degradable)
- Low fat, moderate fiber, TDN 80
- 101-115 of energy value of dry-rolled corn
- Product variation is significant within and
across plants due to amount of steep added back
to the corn bran
3Types of Corn Co-Products
- Distillers Grains Solubles dry mill
- Distillers Grains (65) Solubles (35) (DM
basis) - May be wet or dried
- Higher crude protein, CP 30
- 65 UIP (undegraded, bypass, protein)
- High fat (11), TDN 70-110
- Concentrates nutrients 3-fold from corn
- 0.8 P, 0.35-1.0 Sulfur (variable)
4Types of Corn Co-Products
- Condensed distillers soluables dry mill
- Also known as syrup
- 35 dry matter but in liquid form
- Higher crude protein, CP 26
- High fat, low fiber, TDN 110-115
- Modified DGS are available
- (35-65 DM)
- Hybrid wet dry plant combining corn bran and
distillers solubles ? bran cake - Example Dakota Bran Cake
5Nutrient Composition of Selected Corn Milling
Co-Products
6General Corn Co-Products Cattle Finishing Comments
- High energy protein
- Helps control acidosis (no starch in co-products)
- May be able to feed less (or lower quality)
roughage - Inclusion rate may depend on corn processing
method - High variation in feeding value/composition of
co-products presents challenge for feeding - WDGS results in better performance than DDGS
7Energy Value of WDGS vs DDGS Fed at 40 of Diet
DM
8Energy Content of WDGS
y -0.96x 167 R2 0.32
9Feed Efficiency ADG Response To WDG Inclusion
Rate
Source Vander Pol et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef
Rep. and 2005 Midwest ASAS
10Feed Efficiency ADG Response To DDG Inclusion
Rate
Source Buckner et al., 2007 Nebraska Beef Rep.
11Economic Issues Associated With Feeding Ethanol
Co-Products
- Performance improvements from feeding WDGS WCGF
at 30-40 dietary inclusion hedges against corn
price increases - Cattle biological response to WDGS is quadratic
and response to WCGF is linear - Feeding wet co-products leads to
- Increased trucking cost to feedyard
- Increased feeding/handling cost within feedyard
- Fewer days on feed (less yardage/interest cost)
12Cattle Feeding Budget Model With WDGS WCGF
- Inputs
- Dietary ingredients (DM, inclusion, price)
- Cattle performance (DMI, feed conversion)
- Trucking distance, size, cost
- Yardage, processing/health, interest rate
- Outputs
- ADG DOF
- Total Costs
- Yardage
- Ration
- Feeding expense
- Co-product hauling
- Net Return
- Return to co-product feeding
13Example
- Feeder cattle in-weight 740 lbs
- Fed cattle out-weight 1300 lbs
- Days on feed 153 days
- DMI 24 lbs
- FeedGain 6.5 lbs/lb
- Yardage cost 0.35/hd/day
- Trucking 3.00/loaded m
- Corn price 2.76/bu
- WDGS price 95 of corn price
- (DM basis)
14Marginal Return to WDGS Feeding with Varying Corn
Prices
-91.67
-143.19
-195.41
-247.62
Distance at 60 miles
15Marginal Return to WDGS Feeding with Varying
Distances to Plant
-143.19
Corn at 3.50/bu
16Marginal Return to WDGS Feeding with Varying WDGS
Prices Relative to Corn
-143.19
Distance at 60 miles
Corn at 3.50/bu
17Marginal Return to WCGF Feeding with Varying Corn
Prices
-91.67
-143.19
-195.41
-247.62
Distance at 60 miles
18Budget Model Summary
- Model accounts for growth biology and changing
prices - At 30 inclusion rate of WDGS, marginal return
most impacted by corn price - Distance from plant and hauling cost not as
important - Can evaluate the marginal benefit to multiple
co-products
19To Feed More Co-Product
- More ethanol production ? need to feed more
co-products - More than 40 WDGS may add too much fat and
sulfur to the diet - Possibility Feed combinations of WDGS WCGF
20WCGF WDGS Combination Feeding Trial
Source Buckner et al., 2006
21WCGF WDGS Combination Feeding Trial
Plt 0.05
Source Buckner et al., 2006
22Challenges
- DGS is most available in late summer
- Seasonally cheapest then too
- Seasonally fewest cattle on feed then too
- Storing wet DGS product
- Material exposed to air spoils in 7-14 days
depending on temperature - Has low pH and does not ensile but will keep in
air-tight storage for long periods - Spoilage loss stored in silage bags (Walker et
al) - 20 loss opened and fed day 78-112 post-sealing
- 28 loss opened and fed day 190-257 post sealing
23Seasonal Low in Cattle on Feed
Cattle on Feed, All States,
1000 Head Feedyards
Thousand Head
13,000
12,000
11,000
10,000
9,000
2005
8,000
2006
7,000
5 Yr Ave
6,000
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Month
Source USDA
24When WDGS Price Is Lowest
Seasonal Index of Dried Distillers Grains,
Nebraska,
2003-2005
Price Index ( of Annual Avg)
160.00
Seasonal Price Index
Seasonal Price Index 1 Std Dev
140.00
Seasonal Price Index - 1 Std Dev
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
Apr
Oct
Jan
Feb
Mar
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sep
Nov
Dec
Month
Source AMS University of Nebraska-Lincoln
25Storing WDGS
- Storing wet DGS product
- Often delivered in truck load lots
- Can store wet DGS in bunker, silage bag or in
pile covered with plastic to protect from air - Can mix with tub-ground forage and stored in
bunker or bag - Have to have the mix right
26Minimum Levels of Roughage To Mix in WDGS For
Storage
Bagginga Bunker
Grass hay 15 30-40 Wheat straw 12.5 25-32 Alfalfa
hay 22.5 45-55? DDGS 50 --- ADMCGF 60 ---
a300 PSI.
Source Erickson Klopfenstein
27Resources
- http//beef.unl.edu
- www.iowabeefcenter.org
- http//www.ddgs.umn.edu/