Title: How Did the Western Worldview Grow Out of the Renaissance?
1Chapter 3
- How Did the Western Worldview Grow Out of the
Renaissance?
2How Did New Religious Views Become Part of the
Western Worldview?
- Two views of religion existed in the Western
worldview - Believed that individuals should follow the
rules, rituals, and teachings of the RCC - Believed that individuals should question and
respond to the Bible personally
MIDDLE AGES
HUMANIST
3- Some questions raised
- The necessity to follow the Church laws and
rituals - The actions of the clergy and popes
- Many wanted to see things reformed, but not break
from the RCC - This was called the Protestant Reformation
4What do you know about Martin Luther from what
you have read?
- No not that Martin Luther
5Martin Luther
- What he Believed Following the rituals was not
enough. Seek personal religious understanding.
Not pay for forgiveness. - What he Did he wrote 95 church reforms that he
felt were necessary - What Happened Books burned. Luther was expelled
from the church.
6John Calvin
- What He Believed Believe and practice what is
written in the bible only. - What He Did introduced a strict form of
Protestantism - What Happened was the central developer of
Christian Theology or Calvinism
7John Knox
- What He Believed Believed that the people
should govern their local church - What He Did created Presbyteries, or councils
of men, to govern the church. Led rebellions. - What Happened led into the Presbyterian church
8The Huguenots
- What they Believed a group in France
protestants that followed Luthers writings - What they Did took part in a series of wars
that lasted 40 years. - What Happened France finally granted them the
right to worship in 1598
9King Henry VIII
- What He Believed he believed that he should
control the church land. Have his marriage
annulled. - What He Did he put himself in charge of church
business. - What Happened - appointed himself the head of
the church of England
10Spanish Monarchs
- What they Believed they believed that all other
religions were false and wrong but Catholicism. - What they Did started the Inquisition to find
heretics and disbelievers. - What Happened thousands were expelled from the
country. Some were jailed, tortured and put to
death.
11How Did Ideas of National Identity and
Citizenship Begin to Develop During the
Renaissance
- The idea of Nations began to develop in the
Renaissance. - Small political units began to join and develop
into larger states. These States then became
countries because - Societies became more urban
- Citizens developed new identities of belonging to
a state as well as to their local communities
12- Gunpowder was introduced from China, which
changed the nature of battles between monarchs
and the nobles who owned feudal property - The invention of the printing press and the use
of local languages helped create national identity
- Exploration of new lands also led to a sense of
greater national identity.
13How Did a Spirit of Exploration Become Part of
the Western Worldview?
- Governments traders wanted to expand control of
trade around Mediterranean - Monarchs wanted to gain the wealth that came from
trading with the East - New trade routes increased geographic knowledge
new sailing technologies spurred the start of the
Age of Exploration (Discovery) - Began in the early 15th century til 17th century
14- Europeans wanted/needed to expand their control
to other parts of the world - this territorial or economic expansion to other
countries is call expansionism - Resulted in the spreading of the Western
worldview to other continents of the world
15Factors Affecting ExpansionismThe Need for New
Trade Routes
- Merchants would form a company and pool their
money together to fund trading trips and would
share the profits for the sale of goods. - Making a profit through trade became an important
part of the European world view. - In the Name of God and Of Profit on account
books
16- Countries like Spain, Portugal, France and
England wanted to cut out the middle-men in the
trading route. (Italian or Muslim traders)
- Wealthy Merchants and Monarchs started to fund
new exploratory trading routes to the East
17New Ideas and KnowledgeGeography
- Aristotle (Greek Philosopher) - believed that the
earth was round and flat, like a plate - Ptolemy (Egyptian Geographer) - believed that it
was round (like a ball) but only one ocean. - Islamic and European scientists such as
__________ agreed with this - Sailors were confident to sail westwards
believed that they could sail west to Asia
18Interest in Learning More About the World
- Humanism Travel Writers created an interest in
trade and exploration. - Advances in cartography distribution of maps
navigation tables, navigation use of
astrolabe, and shipbuilding carracks caravel
- Astrolabe and Compass Sailors went from always
being close to the shore, to being able to
navigate in open waters.
19How did the Age of Exploration Begin?
- A European desire to expand their influence to
other areas of the world became a major part of
their worldview. European explorers would spread
the Western worldview to all inhabited continents
of the world.
20- Portugal, France, Spain and England became the
leading players in the Age of Exploration
because - POSITION An Atlantic coastline
- MONARCHS Sponsored explorers by financing their
voyages. - TECHNOLOGY New ship designs, navigational tools
(astrolabe) and navigational information enables
explorers to sail the new-world and far-off
lands..
21- The new values of travel exploration,
consumerism and accumulation of wealth fueled the
race for new trade routes. - The Roman Catholic Church was very involved in
the exploration of new lands because it wanted to
spread Christianity.
22Portugal
- Early 1400s Portuguese sailors sailed around
the southern tip of Africe to establish a trade
route to India China. - The city of Lisbon became the main trading city
of Europe. - Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco da Gama were 2 of
Portugals most famous explorers at this time.
23Spain
- The Spanish were envious of Portugals wealth and
started their own series of explorations. - Spanish explorers sailed west to try to reach
Asias eastern shores however, they did not
realize that the Americas were in between Spain
and Asia.
24England
- England started focusing on exploration in the
16th century. - English explorers, Martin Frobisher and John
Davis, looked for a North West passage through
Canada to India China. - By the 17th century, England had more colonies
along the North American Atlantic coast and in
the West Indies than any other European power.
25France
- At first, France was preoccupied by wars with
England and Italy. - France sponsored expeditions to areas that were
farther north and west. - Cartiers explorations set the stage for Frances
future exploration and colonization of the New
World.
26Explorers
- 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed to what he
thought was Japan. In fact he was at an island
in the Caribbean. Columbus was sponsored by
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain.
Columbus never reached mainland North America.
27Explorers
- 1497 Even though England was not really
interested in exploration, the monarch sponsored
Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) who sailed to North
America.
28Explorers
- 1501 Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian merchant
and mapmaker who explored the coast of Brazil.
North and South America are named after him.
29Explorers
- 1519 Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the tip of
South America and named the Pacific Ocean. He
reached the eastern part of Asia and his ships
were the first to circumnavigate the globe. He
was killed in the Philippines.
30Explorers
- 1534 France sponsored Jacques Cartier who sailed
to the New World and explored up the St. Lawrence
river as far north as present day Montreal (then
known as Hochelaga).
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32How Did the Age of Exploration Lead to
Imperialism?
- Britain and Spain had built huge empires that
spanned the globe. - Through policies of imperialism these countries
maintained control over the inhabitants and
resources of the New World. - Built on the desire to increase wealth and power
- The colonies land they controlled were to
further the interests increase wealth of home
country
33The European view of the rest of the world
- Europeans believed that they were culturally and
politically superior, therefore they had every
right to control the people and resources of
these new lands. - The indigenous people were not considered as
equals. - Belief that ones own race and culture was
superior to those people of other societies is
known as enthnocentrism - extranet.redeemer.ab.ca/sites/Schools/jp2/rdsouza/
.../Chapter203.ppt?
34Examples of ethnocentrism
- Aztecs Incas (Spanish)
- Chinese Indians (British, Portuguese)
- First Nations in N.A (British, French)
- Africans as slaves
- Caribbean (Spanish, British)
- HOW? Government, Religion, Land, Slavery
35How Did the Exchange of Goods and Products Change
the World?
- The exchange of foodstuffs, metals, plants,
animals and diseases affected economies and
changed traditional ways of life of people around
the world. - Europeans introduced Metals, Wheel, Work
animals, Firearms, War technology - Product of Americas Rubber, Canoes, Snowshoes,
Toboggans, Chewing gum, Dyes, Medicinal plants
36How Did the Exchange of Goods and Products Change
the World?
- European diseases had devastating effects on the
local Indigenous people who did not have immunity
to European diseases. - It is estimated that 75 to 90 of the Aboriginal
population died as a result of European disease.
37How Did Imperialism Affect European Worldviews?
- Ideas Knowledge
- Although Europeans considered their way of life
as superior, they were impressed by the First
Nations ideas of personal liberty, leadership
consensus government and lack of emphasis on
personal property. - Europeans saw the New World as a place offering
new opportunities , free land escape from
religious persecution. - Because of the ideas taken from the First
Nations, Personal freedom, leadership, individual
choice of religion are key parts of the modern
Western Worldview.
38How Did Imperialism Affect European Worldviews?
- Economic Systems
- As more gold and silver came into Europe from the
New World, its buying power was reduced which
resulted in inflation. - The price of goods rose due to this inflation
which caused hardships for the common people who
did not have the wealth from colonies. - Spain and France purchased most of their goods
from other countries which led to
industrialization in countries such as England,
Germany and the Netherlands. - By the end of 17th century, power was shifting
from Spain and Portugal to these countries due to
this initial industrial development.