Gagnes Conditions of Learning

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Gagnes Conditions of Learning

• Group 1
• Tami Thomason, Aaron Wright, Philip Hill, Daryl
  Anderson

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Robert Gagne

• An experimental psychologist that focuses on the
  learning and instruction processes.
• Work consists of how learning and memory are
  related.
• While in the Air Force, he began developing the
  theory he is know so well for today, the
  conditions of learning.

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Learning Outcomes

• Gagne developed a theory that consists of 5
  learning outcomes. He classified these
  outcomes as outcomes a teacher hopes their
  students achieve.
• Consist of Verbal information, intellectual
  skills, cognitive strategies, attitudes, and
  motor skills.

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5 Learning Outcomes

• Verbal Information-information is stated.
• This does not show that students can understand
  the information.
• Examples listing steps, reciting poetry.

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Intellectual Skills

• The ability to perform tasks that require
  cognitive activity
• Consists of 5 subcategories
• Discriminations
• Concrete concepts
• Defined concepts
• Rules
• Problem Solving

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Discriminations

• Gagne believes the first level of intellectual
  skills is learning to discriminate between things
  that are different.
• Example
• which symbol is different?
• This kind of activity is called discriminating

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Concrete Concepts

• Concrete classifying which things belong
  together out of a group.
• Example
• Put the rectangles in one group and the
  ovals in another.
• These activities consist of picking out something
  that belongs in a group with the others.

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Defined Concepts

• Classifying abstract ideas that are defined by
  the relationship among two or more concepts.
• Example Pick out all the nouns in this
  paragraph.
• My dog and I went to the pet store. My dog
  played with the other dogs and then he got a
  bone. I bought him a new ball so we could play
  at the park. My dog likes to play fetch with a
  ball. Hes very smart.

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Rules

• Being able to carry out an action given some
  basic information about how to do it.
• Examples
• Mathematics
• Finding averages

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Problem Solving

• Generating solutions to problems given
  appropriate information.

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Cognitive Strategies

• The process used to reach a particular goal.
• Examples
• Learning new information
• Solving problems that do not have easy solutions
• Test taking strategies

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Motor Skills

• The ability to use muscles to perform given
  tasks.
• These muscular movements can vary in their
  smoothness and accuracy
• In children, this can include cursive writing
• In adults, this can include the ability to drive
  a car or control breathing during exercise

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Attitudes

• Our internal state that influences how we react
  in situations
• Shows in our tendencies to attack or avoid
  certain circumstances
• Otherwise known as our personal preferences
• Examples
• Choosing cats over dogs
• Preferring to read Harry Potter rather than do
  homework

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Intellectual Skills Hierarchy

• The hierarchy defines what skills are to be
  learned, according to complexity, and also the
  sequence of instruction
• Each skill is a prerequisite for the others to
  happen. One step can not be executed until the
  step before it is completed

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Intellectual Skills Hierarchy (Flow Chart)
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Gagnes Events of Instruction

• 1. Gaining Attention
• 2. Inform learner of objective
• 3. Stimulate prerequisite learning
• 4. Present new material
• 5. Learning guidance
• 6. Eliciting performance
• 7. Provide feedback
• 8. Assessment of feedback
• 9. Enhance retention and transfer

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1. Gain Attention
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2. Identify Objective

• Pose a question, for example
• What is an equilateral triangle?

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3. Recall Prior Learning

• Definitions of triangles
• 3 sided polygon. Sum of all angles equals 180
  degrees.
• Equilateral- All 3 sides and angles are equal.
  (60 degrees)
• Isosceles- 2 sides are of equal length.
• Scalene- Having all 3 sides of different lengths.
• Acute- Having 3 angles of less than 90 degrees
  each.
• Obtuse- Having one angle greater than 90 degrees.
• Right Triangle- Having one angle of 90 degrees.

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4. Present Stimulus
60 degrees

• All three sides of an Equilateral Triangle are of
  equal lengths and all of the interior angles are
  60 degrees.

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5. Guide Learning

• Create an equilateral triangle by simply drawing
  a straight line of the desired length. Then use
  a protractor and measure a 60 degree angle from
  each end. Connect the dots and Voila!

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6. Elicit Performance

• Everyone should create 5 different examples of
  triangles, at least 3 of these being equilaterals.

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7. Provide Feedback

• We will now check each triangle and provide
  feedback in the form of checking each one as
  correct or incorrect.

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8. Assess performance

• According to the percentage of correct and
  incorrect responses, each student will be given a
  grade.

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9. Enhance Retention/Transfer
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TEST TIME

• What have you learned?

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1. Driving a car around a track would be an
example of what?

• Attitude
• Motor Skill
• Concept
• Cognitive Strategy

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2. Students can identify pigeons from a group of
birds.

• Concept
• Rule
• Attitude
• Discrimination

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3. When shown two dimes and a nickel, the
student will be able to tell which is different.

• Concept
• Rule
• Motor skill
• Discrimination

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4. Presenting a stimulus is an example of which
cognitive process?

• Reception
• Reinforcement
• Selective perception
• Generalization

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5. Stimulating recall of prior information is an
example of retrieval.

• True
• False

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6. Providing feedback is an example of semantic
encoding.

• True
• False

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Hooray!
Give yourself a pat on the back!
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Sorry Charlie!
Better Luck Next Time