Great Britain

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Great Britain the Industrial Revolution
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What is a Revolution?

• A dramatic, liberal change to the status-quo.
• Revolutions, historically, are violent. However,
  they do not have to be.
• The Industrial Revolution was a progressive
  change to European society through the advent of
  new inventions.

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RULE BRITANIA!
When Britain first, at Heaven's command Arose
from out the azure main, Arose from, arose from
out the azure main This was the charter, the
charter of the Land And Guardian Angels sang
this strain Rule Britannia, Britannia rule the
waves! Britons never, ever, ever shall be
slaves.
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Monarchs of Great Britain(17501837)
George II 1727-1760 George III 1760-1820 George
IV 1820-1830 William IV 1830-1837
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Queen Victoria(18371901)
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Fredericton Exhibition Palace (18641877)
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The Largest Empire

• In 1800, most people in the world were
  self-governing.
• By 1914, almost half of the globe had been
  colonized by European countries.
• ¼ of Earth was colonized by the British Empire.
• It was Victorias belief that the British were
  the fittest nation on earth and were destined to
  survive. She intended to make sure.
• This known as social darwinism, after Charles
  Darwin (theory of Evolution).

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Significant European Inventions
Johan Guttenburg (1250)
The Printing Press
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Significant European Inventions
The Spinning Wheel
(1000 AD??)
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Supply and Demand

• Cottage Industry Weavers bought supplies (wool
  and cotton) merchants. They spun these into
  textiles. They sold their products for more then
  costs of the supplies to make a profit.
• PROFIT LARGER INVESTMENT
• HIGHER PROFIT
• A higher demand for the product means a higher
  profit. Therefore, you supply more product.
  When Demand is high, supply is high, profit is
  high.
• When demand is low, supply is low, profit is low.
• Often, inventors tried to keep up with supply and
  demand.

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The Flying Shuttle
John Kay (1733)
10 times the work of a spinning wheel
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The Water Frame
Richard Arkwright (1769)
100 times the work of the spinning wheel
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The Spinning Jenny
James Hargreave (1770)
1000 times the work of the spinning wheel
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The Steam Engine
James Watt (1770)
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The Power Loom
10 000 times the work of a spinning wheel
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The Factory System

• Obviously, the cottage industry could not keep up
  with supply and demand.
• These new machines were often too big to be put
  into homes so they were put into factories.
• Factories were located near a power source (coal,
  water, or forest.)
• Prices of mass produced textiles become less
  expensive to make and purchase than hand produced
  ones, thus forcing people out of work
• As a result, because of supply and demand workers
  in the cottage industry had to leave home to find
  work in the factories.

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Working Conditions in Factories
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Energy for the IR

• Factories need energy to create steam for their
  engines.
• Thus, factories were made near water sources and,
  at first, forests. Unfortunately, forests became
  quickly exhausted. Alternate energy sources were
  needed.
• Coal was the next available resource.
• Mining becomes a necessary industry, not only for
  coal, but for iron to make machines.

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Mining
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Transportation

• Machines are needed not only for producing
  products, but for transporting them, as well as
  the raw materials.
• Thus the train becomes a new form of
  transportation.
• Other forms of transportation are the use of
  canals.

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Living Conditions
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