Confined or Enclosed Spaces [29 CFR 1926.21(6)(i

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Confined or Enclosed Spaces 29 CFR 1926.21(6)(i
ii)
Per 1926.21 - Safety training and education (b)
Employer responsibility
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Permit Required Confined Spaces 29 CFR 1910.146
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Class Exercise

• Please take a Deep Breath Hold It..

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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (CSE)

• Confined Spaces come in all shapes and sizes!

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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
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FATAL ACCIDENTS

• 35 Supervisor or Higher
• 64 Did not need to enter
• 66 Water / Wastewater / Sewer / Manhole
  Construction
• 78 Oxygen deficient / IDLH / toxic
• 95 Had no confined space training
• 100 No (or inadequate) powered ventilation
• 100 No instrument at site (to measure hazardous
  atmosphere)

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CSE Fatalities Happen

• Excavations
• Manholes
• Foundations
• Underground utility vaults

• Sewer lines
• Bins
• Boilers
• Storage tanks
• Process vessels

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Confined Space Defined

1. SPACE LARGE ENOUGH TO BODILY ENTER DO ASSIGNED
   WORK AND
2. LIMITED OR RESTRICTED ENTRY OR EXIT AND
3. NOT DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS OCCUPANCY

This classroom?
A concrete truck?
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

• Overview
• Types of Confined Spaces by Definition
• Permit-required means.
• Non-permit means..
• Typical Citations
• No testing of confined space atmosphere
• No rescue provisions
• No retrieval device for confined spaces greater
  than 5 feet deep

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Confined Space Decision Flowchart
OR
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Requirements of Standards

• Evaluate workplace for permit-required spaces
• Employees informed of existence, location,
  danger signs
• Develop written program (if entry is permitted)
• Train and educate employees
• Re-evaluation reclassification
• Contractor confined space interface

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Confined Space

• Is it a confined space?
• Is it a permit required confined space?
• Adds a new meaning to Special Delivery!

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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

• The tragic loss of life occurred when confined
  space rules were not enforced by the employer.

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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

• Lack of oxygen in sewer Ideas?
• Rusty hand rails might have tipped them off!!
• What did they do wrong or not do correctly?

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Categorizing Work Spaces

• REQUIRES A PERMIT IF
• Contains or has potential to contain a hazardous
  atmosphere
• Engulfment hazard potential
• Internal configuration hazard
• Contains any recognized serious hazard

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Permit-Required CSE Hazards

• Falling Objects
• Excavations
• Temperature Extremes
• Falls / Slick/wet surfaces
• Toxic / Corrosive chemicals
• Moving parts/ equipment

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SIGNAGE
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WRITTEN PROGRAM (d)

• Identify evaluate space hazards
• Test for atmospheric hazards
• Continuously monitor
• Prevent unauthorized entry
• Establish procedures practices
• Identify employee duties
• Require, provide maintain PPE
• One Attendant minimum
• Rescue emergency procedures established
• Permit system
• Periodic review

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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY NEEDS

• Air Testing Monitor
• Full Body Harness
• Communication Equipment
• Protective Eyewear
• Protective Helmet
• Protective Boots

So what is missing?
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Hazardous Atmospheres

• Too much Oxygen over 23.5
• Too little Oxygen under 19.5
• Flammable atmosphere 10 LEL
• Carbon Monoxide 50 ppm
• Hydrogen Sulfide 20 ppm Ceiling

See Subpart Z 1910.1000 Air Contaminants
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PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM Atmosphere
Testing

1. Oxygen level
2. Flammability / explosion potential
3. Carbon monoxide
4. Hydrogen sulfide

This is a 4-gas monitor
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Atmosphere Testing

• Draw samples without entering the space!
• Then wear it while in the space

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Atmosphere Testing

• CRITICAL ISSUES
• Training
• Procedures
• Calibration prior to use

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Atmosphere Testing

• Normal Readings

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Atmosphere Testing

• DANGER Reading! Oxygen level too low!
• Alarm is going off!!

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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

• A simple fan may ventilate the PRCS enough to
  eliminate the hazard
• Fan nomographs
• Use them
• Follow Mfg. recommendations

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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

• Entry into Permit Required Space areas takes
  teamwork and planning!

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Entry Permit System

• Signed by Supervisor
• Includes
• Test results testers initials or signature
• Supervisors name signature
• Identification of space and personnel (by
  assigned duty)
• Purpose control measures are in place
• All specified equipment is in place
• Name number of rescue/emergency service
• Acceptable entry conditions
• Any special equipment communication procedures

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CSE Ventilator Room Example
WHAT type of confined space is this WHY?
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Training and Education

• Knowledge skills for safe performance
• Additional training is required when
• Job duties change
• Change in program
• New hazard(s) are identified
• Employees job performance is found deficient
• Emergency training (CPR / First Aid)
• Certification of training

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Entry Supervisors Duties

• Know the spaces hazards consequences
• Verify emergency plans, test procedures, and
  proper equipment are in place
• Terminate/cancel permits (upon completion or
  change in conditions)
• Remove unauthorized personnel
• Ensure operation remains consistent with entry
  permit conditions

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Authorized Entrant Responsibilities

• Know the space hazards consequences
• Alert to exposure symptoms prohibited conditions

• Use appropriate PPE
• Begin self rescue w hazards /symptoms
• Evacuate immediately on order of Attendant

• Communicate w Attendant re prohibited conditions

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Attendant Duties

• Recognize existing potential hazards
• Aware of behavioral effects to Entrant
• Remain outside to monitor space headcount
• Maintain effective contact with Entrant
• Monitor activities in out of space.
• Order evacuation in any hazardous situation
• Summon emergency rescue
• Perform non-entry rescue
• Perform no other duties

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Communication

• Entrant and Attendant must maintain verbal
  contact
• Have backup communication system
• Methods
• Simple voice
• Radios
• Telephone
• Tug Signals on the cable

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Entrant Self-Rescue

• At first sign or trouble, notify Attendant and
  begin evacuation
• Attendant notifies other workers to evacuate
• Rescue team notified, if necessary

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Non-Entry Rescue

• Entrant is wearing a harness
• Cable is attached to the harness
• Use a hand crank!
• vs a powered winch
• Wristlets may be used

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Plan for Emergencies

• MSDS requirements
• Chest or full body harness requirement and
  mechanical device

• Employer responsibilities
• Rescuers provided with trained on PPE
• Trained to perform rescue duties
• Rescuers have Authorized Entrants training
• Practice rescue exercises completed yearly

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CSE RESCUE

• Confined Space Rescue teams must practice
  annually
• At the actual or representative confined spaces
  in which they may be required to perform Entrant
  rescue

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The Domino Effect

• One worker gets into trouble
• The next worker goes in to help
• A third worker goes in to help...

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Questions?
Just keep them simple, please.
Cause I put the hard ones on the Post Test!!!
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CSE Major Points

• Written plan of action for rescue is required.
• Ventilation is necessary if there is the
  potential for the atmosphere to move out of the
  acceptable range.