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Hypercar

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Hypercar Pollution Prevention Michelle Bates What is a Hypercar? Ultralight, Low-Drag, Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (HEV) 2 Sources of energy: Fuel cells, gas turbines ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Hypercar


1
Hypercar
  • Pollution Prevention
  • Michelle Bates

2
What is a Hypercar?
  • Ultralight, Low-Drag, Hybrid-Electric Vehicle
    (HEV)
  • 2 Sources of energy
  • Fuel cells, gas turbines, diesels, lean burn
    gasoline engines
  • Flywheels, batteries, ultracapacitors
  • 2 Drive trains
  • Internal Combustion Engine- gas or alt. fuels
  • Battery driven electric

3
Drivesystems
  • Conventional
  • Internal combustion engine coupled to wheels
    through the transmission, driveshaft, etc.
  • Hybrid-Electric
  • Engine (or other power source) generates
    electricity from fuel, which then powers electric
    motors that turn the wheels

4
Six Main Sources of Energy Loss in a Conventional
Car
5
Hypercar Strategies to Reduce Energy Losses
  • Ultralight
  • 1994 Average U.S. Passenger car 1439 kg
  • 2000-2005 Hypercar (4-5 seat) 521 kg
  • Low Aerodynamic Drag
  • Hybrid-Electric Drivesystem
  • Efficient Accessories

6
Ultralight
  • Composites
  • Embed strong reinforcing fibers in a supporting
    "matrix" of polymer
  • Advanced Composites
  • Long or continuous reinforcing fibers such as
    carbon or aramid (kevlar) in addition to glass

7
Advanced Composite Materials
  • Advantages
  • 50-65 reduction in weight
  • Crashworthy
  • Design Flexibility
  • Durability
  • Manufacturing
  • Disadvantages

8
GMs 1991 Ultralite Concept Car
9
Mass Decompounding
10
Low-Drag Aerodynamic Design
  • Smooth underbody
  • Low-angle windshields
  • Tapered rear end
  • Minimized body seams
  • Aerodynamically designed air intakes, suspension,
    and wheel wells
  • Result 40-50 decrease in drag

11
Rolling Resistance
  • 1/3 engine output lost
  • Solution
  • lightweight car
  • tire improvements
  • improved wheel bearing and brake design
  • Reduction in rolling resistance by 50-80

12
Hybrid-Electric Drive
  • Series
  • Engine with generator to supply electricity for
    battery pack and electric motor
  • No mechanical connection
  • Power transferred electrically to wheel motor
  • Parallel
  • Direct mechanical connection between hybrid power
    unit and wheels
  • Electric motor drives the wheels
  • Example

13
Hybrid-Electric Drive
  • Series
  • Parallel

14
Hybrid-Electric Drive
  • Generate electricity from the fuel, powers wheel
    motors
  • Electric motors can recover part of the braking
    energy

Wheel Motor
15
Hybrid-Electric Drive
  • Large decrease in engine size
  • reduces weight, cost, fuel consumption
  • Drive system efficiency doubled

16
Efficient Accessories
  • Avoid heat buildup by using
  • Insulation, special heat-reflecting glass,
    solar-powered vent fans
  • Innovative cooling and dehumidification systems
  • Improved headlights and taillights
  • More efficient electronics and interior lighting
    systems

17
Hypercar
18
Whole Systems Approach
  • Optimizing parts individually results in
    inefficiency overall
  • Hypercar is cost effective when the entire system
    is designed for efficiency

19
Hypercar Safety
  • Advanced composites
  • Smaller propulsion system
  • room at both ends of the car for materials
    dedicated to crash energy management
  • Front and side airbags, harnesses with
    pretensioners and stress-limiters, padding,
    active headrests

20
Pollution Prevention
  • Hypercars would go roughly 2-4 times farther on a
    unit of fuel
  • decreased overall carbon dioxide emissions
  • lower emissions per vehicle mile traveled
  • Alternative fuels

21
Fuel Efficiency
22
Life Cycle Assessment
  • Advanced Composites are durable
  • wont rust, dent or chip
  • Total weight is much less, so there is less pure
    waste produced

23
Current Status
  • Hypercars do not currently exist
  • Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) do exist
  • Chrysler, Ford and GM
  • Year 2000 prototype HEVs
  • Year 2003 release HEVs on the U.S. market
  • Department of Energy HEV Propulsion Program
  • Funds 50 of development costs

24
Toyotas Hybrid-Electric Prius Sedan
  • Japanese market for one year
  • Not ultralight (weighs 330 lbs. more)
  • 66 miles per gallon
  • Emissions reduced to 1/10th the Japanese legal
    requirement
  • U.S. market year 2000

25
(No Transcript)
26
Future Projections
  • Zero-Emission Vehicles (ZEVs)
  • One tenth of new cars sold in five U.S. states by
    2004
  • Half of all vehicles Hypercars by 2020
  • Overall fuel consumption 25 percent less than
    today's level

27
Battery Electric Cars vs. Hybrid-Electric Cars
  • Battery Electric
  • Run on electricity stored in onboard batteries
  • Gasoline contains 100 times more energy per pound
    than batteries
  • Several thousand pounds of batteries (mass
    compounding)
  • Range less than 150 miles

28
Battery Electric Cars vs. Hybrid-Electric Cars
  • Battery-Electric
  • Batteries must be replaced every few years
  • Batteries cost 2000-15,000 each
  • Batteries not recyclable
  • Emission shifting

GMs EV1
29
Battery Electric Cars vs. Hybrid-Electric Cars
  • Hybrid-Electric Cars
  • Wheels powered by electric motor or motors,
    convert fuel into energy as they go
  • Alternative fuel sources (Ex renewable fuel
    cells)
  • Decrease carbon dioxide emissions
  • Increased engine and drive systems efficiency
  • Mass decompounding

30
Economic Impacts The Winners
  • Makers of power electronics, microelectronics,
    advanced electric motors and small engines,
    alternative power plants and storage devices, and
    software
  • Composite materials, structures, and tooling and
    manufacturing equipment suppliers
  • Providers of polymers, fibers, coatings, and
    adhesives for the composites industry
  • Aerospace firms

31
Economic Impacts Losers
  • Iron and steel industries (a Hypercar has 92
    less iron and steel)
  • Heavy machine tools
  • Oil for motor fuel
  • Automotive fluids and lubricants

32
For More Information
  • The Hypercar Center
  • www.hypercarcenter.org
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicle Program
  • www.hev.doe.gov
  • Rocky Mountain Institute
  • www.rmi.org
  • Toyota Prius
  • www.toyota.com
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