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2Chemistry
3What is Chemistry
- If it moves, it's biology.
- If it doesn't work, it's physics.
- If it stinks, it's chemistry.
- If its all three its a student
If it doesnt work, its physics
4Chemistry
5Chemistry
6Chemistry
- Greek ??µe?a (Khemeia)
- Alchemy
7History
8History
- Metallurgy
- Purifcation
- Alloys
9Alchemy
- Common Perception
- Liars
- Concocting potions
10Alchemy
11Alchemy
- attempted to explore the nature of chemical
substances and processes.
12History
13Chemistry
- noun (pl. chemistries)
- 1 the branch of science concerned with the
properties and interactions of the substances of
which matter is composed. - 2 the chemical properties of a substance or body.
- 3 attraction or interaction between two people.
14Chemistry
- Interactions of atoms and electrons.
15Nobel Prize
16Nobel Prize Winners
- 1901 Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
- Netherlands
- for his discovery of the laws of chemical
dynamics - osmotic pressure in solutions
17Nobel Prize Winners
- 1902 Hermann Emil Fischer
- Germany
- Work on sugar and purine syntheses
18Nobel Prize Winners
- 1903 Svante August Arrhenius
- Sweden
- Electrolytic theory of dissociation
19Nobel Prize Winners
- 1904 Sir William Ramsay
- United Kingdom
- Discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air
20Nobel Prize Winners
- 1905 Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
- Germany
- work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds
21Nobel Prize Winners
- 1906 Henri Moissan
- France
- Investigation and isolation of the element
fluorine, and for the electric furnace named
after him
22Nobel Prize Winners
- 1907 Eduard Buchner
- Germany
- for his biochemical research
- Discovery of cell-free fermentation
23Nobel Prize Winners
- 1908 Ernest Rutherford
- New Zealand United Kingdom
- For investigations into the disintegration of the
elements, - And the chemistry of radioactive substances
24Nobel Prize Winners
- 1909 Wilhelm Ostwald
- Germany
- Work on catalysis
- And for his investigations into chemical
equilibria and rates of reaction
25Nobel Prize Winners
- 1910 Otto Wallach
- Germany
- for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds
26Nobel Prize Winners
- 1911 Maria Sklodowska-Curie
- Poland France
- Discovery of radium and polonium
27Nobel Prize Winners
- 1912 Victor Grignard
- France
- for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent
- Paul Sabatier
- France
- for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds
28Nobel Prize Winners
- 1913 Alfred Werner
- Switzerland
- for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules
29Nobel Prize Winners
- 1914 Theodore William Richards
- United States
- Determinations of the atomic weight of a large
number of elements
30Nobel Prize Winners
- 1915 Richard Martin Willstätter
- Germany
- for his research on plant pigments
31Nobel Prize Winners
32Nobel Prize Winners
33Nobel Prize Winners
- 1918 Fritz Haber
- Germany
- for his synthesis of ammonia
34Nobel Prize Winners
35Nobel Prize Winners
- 1920 Walther Hermann Nernst
- Germany
- for his work in thermochemistry
36Nobel Prize Winners
- 1921 Frederick Soddy
- United Kingdom
- for his work on the chemistry of radioactive
substances - Investigations into isotopes
37Nobel Prize Winners
- 1922 Francis William Aston
- United Kingdom
- For the discovery of isotopes in a large number
of non-radioactive elements, and for his
whole-number rule
38Nobel Prize Winners
- 1923 Fritz Pregl
- Austria
- for his invention of the method of micro-analysis
of organic substances
39Nobel Prize Winners
- 1925 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
- Germany
- for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature
of colloid solutions and the methods used
40Nobel Prize Winners
- 1926 Theodor Svedberg
- Sweden
- for his work on disperse systems
41Nobel Prize Winners
- 1927 Heinrich Otto Wieland
- Germany
- for his investigations of the bile acids and
related substances
42Nobel Prize Winners
- 1928 Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
- Germany
- for his research into sterols and their
connection with vitamins
43Nobel Prize Winners
- 1929 Arthur Harden Hans Karl August and Simon
von Euler-Chelpin - United Kingdom Sweden
- for their investigations on the fermentation of
sugar and fermentative enzymes
44Nobel Prize Winners
- 1930 Hans Fischer
- Germany
- for his research into haemin and chlorophyll
45Nobel Prize Winners
- 1931 Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius
- Germany and France
- for their synthesis of new radioactive elements
46Nobel Prize Winners
- 1936 Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
- Netherlands
- for his work on molecular structure through
investigations on dipole moments and the
diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases
47Nobel Prize Winners
- 1937 Walter Norman Haworth
- United Kingdom
- for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C"Paul
KarrerSwitzerland"for his work on carotenoids,
flavins and vitamins A and B2
48Nobel Prize Winners
- 1938 Richard Kuhn
- Germany
- for his work on carotenoids and vitamins
49Nobel Prize Winners
- 1939 Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
- Germany
- for his work on sex hormones
- and Leopold Ružicka
- Switzerland
- for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes
50Nobel Prize Winners
51Nobel Prize Winners
52Nobel Prize Winners
53Nobel Prize Winners
- 1943 George de Hevesy
- Hungary
- for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to
study chemical processes
54Nobel Prize Winners
- 1944 Otto Hahn
- Germany
- for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei
55Nobel Prize Winners
- 1945 Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
- Finland
- for his research and inventions in agricultural
and nutrition chemistry, especially for his
fodder preservation method
56Nobel Prize Winners
- 1946 James Batcheller Sumner
- United States
- for his discovery that enzymes can be
crystallized - John Howard Northrop
- Wendell Meredith Stanley
- United States
- for their preparation of enzymes and virus
proteins in a pure form
57Nobel Prize Winners
- 1947 Sir Robert Robinson
- United Kingdom
- for his investigations on plant products,
especially the alkaloids
58Nobel Prize Winners
- 1948 Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
- Sweden
- for his research on electrophoresis and
adsorption analysis
59Nobel Prize Winners
- 1949 William Francis Giauque
- United States
- for his contributions in the field of chemical
thermodynamics
60Nobel Prize Winners
- 1950 Otto Paul Hermann Diels andKurt Alder
- West Germany
- for their discovery and development of the diene
synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction.
61Nobel Prize Winners
- 1951 Edwin Mattison McMillan and Glenn Theodore
Seaborg - United States
- the discovery in the chemistry of transuranium
elements
62Nobel Prize Winners
- 1952 Archer John Porter Martin and Richard
Laurence Millington Synge - United Kingdom
- for their invention of partition chromatography
63Nobel Prize Winners
- 1953 Hermann Staudinger
- West Germany
- for his discoveries in the field of
macromolecular chemistry
64Nobel Prize Winners
- 1954 Linus Carl Pauling
- United States
- for his research into the nature of the chemical
bond
65Nobel Prize Winners
- 1955 Vincent du Vigneaud
- United States
- for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the
first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone
66Nobel Prize Winners
- 1956 Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood and ???????
?????????? ??????? - United Kingdom and Soviet Union
- for their research into the mechanism of chemical
reactions
67Nobel Prize Winners
- 1957 Sir Alexander Todd
- United Kingdom
- for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide
co-enzymes
68Nobel Prize Winners
- 1958 Frederick Sanger
- United Kingdom
- for his work on the structure of proteins,
especially insulin
69Nobel Prize Winners
- 1959 Jaroslav Heyrovský
- Czechoslovakia
- for his discovery and development of the
polarographic methods of analysis
70Nobel Prize Winners
- 1960 Willard Frank Libby
- United States
- for his method to use carbon-14 for age
determination
71Nobel Prize Winners
- 1961 Melvin Calvin
- United States
- for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation
in plants
72Nobel Prize Winners
- 1962 Max Ferdinand Perutz and John Cowdery
Kendrew - United Kingdom
- for their studies of the structures of globular
proteins
73Nobel Prize Winners
- 1963 Karl Ziegler and Giulio NattaWest
- Germany and Italy
- for their discoveries relating to high polymers
74Nobel Prize Winners
- 1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
- United Kingdom
- for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the
structures of important biochemical substances
75Nobel Prize Winners
- 1965 Robert Burns Woodward
- United States
- for his achievements in organic synthesis
76Nobel Prize Winners
- 1966 Robert Sanderson Mulliken
- United States
- for his work concerning chemical bonds and the
electronic structure of molecules
77Nobel Prize Winners
- 1967 Manfred Eigen and Ronald G. W. Norrishand
George Porter - United Kingdom and West Germany
- for their studies of extremely fast chemical
reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium
by means of very short pulses of energy
78Nobel Prize Winners
- 1968 Lars Onsager
- Norway United States
- for the discovery of the reciprocal relations
bearing his name
79Nobel Prize Winners
- 1969 Derek H. R. Barton andOdd Hassel
- United Kingdom and Norway
- for their contributions to the development of the
concept of conformation
80Nobel Prize Winners
- 1970 Luis F. Leloir
- Argentina
- for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their
role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates
81Nobel Prize Winners
- 1971 Gerhard Herzberg
- Canada
- for his contributions to electronic structure and
the geometry of molecules, particularly free
radicals
82Nobel Prize Winners
- 1972 Christian B. Anfinsen
- United States
- for his work on ribonuclease, especially
concerning the connection between the amino acid
sequence and the biologically active conformation - Stanford Moore and William H. Stein
- United States
- for their contribution to the understanding of
the connection between chemical structure and
catalytic activity of the active centre of the
ribonuclease molecule
83Nobel Prize Winners
- 1973 Ernst Otto Fischerand Geoffrey Wilkinson
- West Germany United Kingdom
- for their pioneering work, performed
independently, on the chemistry of the
organometallic, so called sandwich compounds
84Nobel Prize Winners
- 1974 Paul J. Flory
- United States
- for his fundamental work, both theoretical and
experimental, in the physical chemistry of
macromolecules
85Nobel Prize Winners
- 1975 John Warcup Cornforth
- AustraliaUnited Kingdom
- for his work on the stereochemistry of
enzyme-catalyzed reactions - Vladimir Prelog
- Switzerland
- for his research into the stereochemistry of
organic molecules and reactions
86Nobel Prize Winners
- 1976 William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr.
- United States
- for his studies on the structure of boranes
illuminating problems of chemical bonding
87Nobel Prize Winners
- 1977 Ilya Prigogine
- Belgium
- for his contributions to non-equilibrium
thermodynamics, particularly the theory of
dissipative structures
88Nobel Prize Winners
- 1978 Peter D. Mitchell
- United Kingdom
- for his contribution to the understanding of
biological energy transfer through the
formulation of the chemiosmotic theory
89Nobel Prize Winners
- 1979 Herbert C. Brown and Georg Wittig
- United States and West Germany
- for their development of the use of boron- and
phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively,
into reagents in organic synthesis
90Nobel Prize Winners
- 1980 Paul Berg
- United States
- for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry
of nucleic acids, with particular regard to
recombinant-DNA - Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger
- United States andUnited Kingdom
- for their contributions concerning the
determination of base sequences in nucleic acids
91Nobel Prize Winners
- 1981 ???? and Roald Hoffmann
- Japan and United States
- for their theories concerning the course of
chemical reactions
92Nobel Prize Winners
- 1982 Aaron Klug
- South AfricaUnited Kingdom
- for his development of crystallographic electron
microscopy and his structural elucidation of
biologically important nucleic acid-protein
complexes
93Nobel Prize Winners
- 1983 Henry Taube
- United States
- for his work on the mechanisms of electron
transfer reactions
94Nobel Prize Winners
- 1984 Robert Bruce Merrifield
- United States
- for his development of methodology for chemical
synthesis on a solid matrix
95Nobel Prize Winners
- 1985 Herbert A. Hauptmanand Jerome Karle
- United States
- for their achievements in developing direct
methods for the determination of crystal
structures
96Nobel Prize Winners
- 1986 Dudley R. Herschbach and ??? and John C.
Polanyi - United States, Taiwan - United States and Canada
- for their contributions concerning the dynamics
of chemical elementary processes
97Nobel Prize Winners
- 1987 Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles
J. Pedersen - United States and France
- for their development and use of molecules with
structure-specific interactions of high
selectivity
98Nobel Prize Winners
- 1988 Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber and Hartmut
Michel - West Germany
- for their determination of the three-dimensional
structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre
99Nobel Prize Winners
- 1989 Sidney Altmanand Thomas R. Cech
- Canada United States and United States
- for their discovery of catalytic properties of
RNA
100Nobel Prize Winners
- 1990 Elias James Corey
- United States
- for his development of the theory and methodology
of organic synthesis
101Nobel Prize Winners
- 1991 Richard R. Ernst
- Switzerland
- for his contributions to the development of high
resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy
102Nobel Prize Winners
- 1992 Rudolph A. Marcus
- United States
- for his contributions to the theory of electron
transfer reactions in chemical systems
103Nobel Prize Winners
- 1993 Kary B. Mullis
- United States
- for his invention of the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) method - Michael Smith
- Canada
- for his fundamental contributions to the
establishment of oligonucleotide-based,
site-directed mutagenesis and its development for
protein studies
104Nobel Prize Winners
- 1994 George A. Olah
- Hungary United States
- for his contribution to carbocation chemistry
105Nobel Prize Winners
- 1995 Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F.
Sherwood Rowland - Netherlands, Mexico and United States
- for their work in atmospheric chemistry, in
particular ozone depletion
106Nobel Prize Winners
- 1996 Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto and Richard
Smalley - United Kingdom, United States"for their discovery
of fullerenes
107Nobel Prize Winners
- 1997 Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker
- United States and United Kingdom
- for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism
underlying the synthesis of adenosine
triphosphate - Jens C. Skou
- Denmark
- for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme,
Na/K-ATPase
108Nobel Prize Winners
- 1998 Walter Kohn
- United States
- for his development of the density functional
theory - John A. Pople
- United Kingdom
- for his development of computational methods in
quantum chemistry
109Nobel Prize Winners
- 1999 ???? ????
- Egypt United States
- for his studies of the transition states of
chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy
110Nobel Prize Winners
- 2000 Alan J. Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, ????
- United States, New Zealand, Japan
- for their discovery and development of conductive
polymers
111Nobel Prize Winners
- 2001 William S. Knowles and ????
- United States, Japan
- for their work on chirally catalysed
hydrogenation reactions - K. Barry Sharpless
- United States
- for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation
reactions" see Sharpless asymmetric
dihydroxylation
112Nobel Prize Winners
- 2002 John B. Fenn and ????
- United States and Japan
- for their development of soft desorption
ionisation methods for mass spectrometric
analyses of biological macromolecules - Kurt Wüthrich
- Switzerland
- for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy for determining the
three-dimensional structure of biological
macromolecules in solution
113Nobel Prize Winners
- 2003 Peter Agre
- United States
- for the discovery of water channels
- Roderick MacKinnon
- United States
- for structural and mechanistic studies of ion
channels
114Nobel Prize Winners
- 2004 Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin
Rose - Israel and United States
- for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein
degradation
115Nobel Prize Winners
- 2005 Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock and Yves
Chauvin - United States and France"for the development of
the metathesis method in organic synthesis
116Nobel Prize Winners
- 2006 Roger D. Kornberg
- United States
- for his studies of the molecular basis of
eukaryotic transcription
117Nobel Prize Winners
- 2007 Gerhard Ertl
- Germany
- for his studies of chemical processes on solid
surfaces"
118Subdisceplines
- The Areas of specific Interest
119Subdisciplines
120Subdisciplines
121Subdisciplines
That which is left over after the organic,
analytical, and physical chemists get through
picking over the periodic table.
122Subdisciplines
123Subdisciplines
Physical Chemistry The pitiful attempt to apply
ymxb to everything in the universe.
124Subdisciplines
125Subdisciplines
126Employment Opportunities
- What can we get paid to do!!
127Employment Opportunities!
128Employment Opportunities!
129Employment Opportunities!
130Employment Opportunities!
131Employment Opportunities!
- Pretty much anything!
- Police
- Quality Control
- Technician
- Water management
132The Future!
133The Future!
134The Future!
135The Future!
- Theatre
- Smoke fluids
- Flame simulation
- Fluorescent Compounds for safety.
136What makes you a chemist
137You Might Be a Chemist if
- You carry your lab safety goggles around with you
at all times, just in case...
138You Might Be a Chemist if
- You start disagreeing with scientific points in
films and correct them at every possible moment
139You Might be a Chemist if
- you no longer ask for Tylenol, you ask for
acetaminophenol.
140You Might be a Chemist if
- you start referring to the smell of nail polish
remover as an acetone smell.
141You Might be a Chemist if
- you don't drink water, you drink H2O.
142You Might be a Chemist if
- you become very agitated when people refer to air
as Oxygen, and proceed to list all of the
components of air
143You Might be a Chemist if
- you think a mole is a unit of amount, rather than
a small furry animal in your lawn
144Thank You For Listening
- Bibliography
- www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry
- New Scientist Issues from 2004 8th Feb 2007
- Analytical Chemistry Higson
- Physical Chemistry Atikins dePaula
- Inorganic Chemistry Shriver Atkins
- Organic Chemistry Claydon, Greaves, Warren and
Wothers - http//www.workjoke.com/projoke25.htm