MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY

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MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY

• LECTURER
• SR. NORAZSIDA RAMLI

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Intestinal Ciliates

• Phylum Ciliophora
• Class Kinetofragminophora
• Genus Balantidium
• Species coli

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• The only pathogenic intestinal ciliate.
• The largest intestinal protozoan.
• Causing gastroenteritis in man.
• Have 2 stages trophozoite, cyst.

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Trophozoite

• 30-100µm by 30-80µm
• Very large ovoid shape.
• Large bean-shaped macronucleus.
• Small spherical micronucleus.
• Numerous cilia.
• Cytostome/cytopyge.

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Balantidium coli
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Cyst

• 45-65µm by 30-80µm
• Oval or spherical shape.
• Large macronucleus.

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Life cycle
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Life cycle
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Transmission

• Transmitted by the fecal-oral route,
• Reservoir host pig
• Infected food handlers may be implicated in the
  spread of this disease.

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Pathogenesis

• Symptoms abdominal pains, bloody diarrhea.
• Severe cases abscesses and ulcers in the mucosa
  and sub-mucosa of the large intestine, amebic
  dysentery.
• Chronic infection some cases r asymptomatic.
• Extra intestinal infections in the liver, lungs
  and other organs.

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Diagnosis

• Microscopy examination by examining stool
  specimens by wet prep and permanently stained
  smears.

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Treatment

• Take antimicrobial agents such as
• Tetracycline
• Metronidazole
• Iodoquinol

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Prevention

• Practice good personal hygiene.
• Have a proper sanitary condition.
• Take caution in dealing with pigs.