DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Made by: Ms. Anila Sohail Khan

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Made byMs. Anila
Sohail Khan
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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

• DIRECT SPEECH
• CHARACTERISTICS
• It is original quotation of a talk
• It is always placed between two quotation marks
• It is always preceded by Capital letter

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• Colon (), Comma (,) are placed before direct
  speech when the introductory verb position is in
  the front
• Comma (,) are placed after direct speech when
  the introductory verb position is placed after or
  between the direct speech

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• The use of punctuation like exclamation mark (!),
  question mark (?) point the type of sentence of
  direct speech and it does not change
• Eg.
• Where do you live? she asked
• My mother says to my sister Wash your hands!
• She yelled at me Dont have the door open!

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INDIRECT SPEECH

• It is a kind of reported sentence (reported
  speech)
• It retells ones talk or idea
• It undergoes certain modification
• It has three types of indirect speech
• 1. Imperative (Command/request)
• 2. Declarative (Statement)
• 3. Interrogative (question

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• 1. Imperative (Command/request)
• The Imperative is a command
• Because of a command it does not tell the
  subject and the verb in direct imperative does
  not change
• E.g. Shut the door
• Let the door be shut
• like go, sleep, open etc so in the indirect
  speech is preceded by to infinitive) namely to
  go, to sleep, to open

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• It also has non verb, so the reported command is
  preceded by Be adjective/adverb! like be
  quiet, be happy, be here so in the Indirect
  Speech it becomes to be quiet, to be happy, to
  be here

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POSITIVE IMPERATIVE

• DIRECT SPEECH
• She said, Go away!
• Come here! she said. I said,
• Be quite! Be quiet! she yelled at the
  children.
• She begged, Be happy!
• Please help me! she told him

• INDIRECT SPEECH
• She ordered her to go away .
• She asked him to come there.
• She ordered the children to be quiet
• She requested to be happy
• She asked him to help her

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NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE

• DIRECT SPEECH
• She said, Dont go away!
• Dont Come here! she said
• I said, Dont Be noisy!
• She begged, Dont be lazy!

• INDIRECT SPEECH
• She told me not to go away
• She asked him not to come there.
• She begged us not to be noisyI
• She told him not to worry about it

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Declarative (Statement)

• A. Pronoun and Possessive adjective
• DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• I He/She
• You me/he/she/them/I/him/her
• My his/her
• Our their/our
• Your My/his/her

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Declarative (Statement)

• B. Adverb of time and Place
• DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• now then
• today that day
• tomorrow the next day
• the day after
• the following day
• a day later
• next the after
• the following

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Declarative (Statement)

• B. Adverb of time and Place
• DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• last the before
• the previous
• the preceding
• ago before
• earlier
• yesterday the day before
• the previous day
• the preceeding day
• the day before yesterday two days before
• here there
• this that
• these those

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Declarative (Statement)

• Tenses
• DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• Present Simple Past Simple
• Present Continuous Past Continuous
• Present Perfect Past Perfect
• Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect
  Continuous

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Declarative (Statement)

• C. Tenses
• DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• Future Simple Past Future
• Future Continuous Past Future Continuous
• Future Perfect Past Future Perfect
• Future Perfect Future Perfect
• Continuous Past Continuous

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Declarative (Statement)

• C. Tenses
• DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• Past Simple Past Perfect
• Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
• Past Perfect Past Perfect

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Lets see the following changes

• DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• Verb 1 Verb 2
• Verb 2 Had Verb 3
• Is was
• Am was
• Are were
• Have had
• Has had
• Do did
• Does did
• Was/were had been
• Did had verb 3

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• Can could
• May might
• Must had to
• Shall should
• Will would
• Ought to verb 1 ought to have verb 3 / been
• Could verb 1 could have verb 3 / been
• Might verb 1 might have verb 3 / been
• Should verb 1 should have verb3 / been
• Would verb 1 would have verb 3 / been

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Examples

• DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• Ali I will go now. Ali said that he would
  go then
• Rani They love me. Rani told me they
  loved her
• Ive been writing, Dina Dina answered that she
  answered had been writing
• Mother I was sick Mother told
  that yesterday. she had been sick
  the day before

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3. Interrogative (question)

• a. Preceded by Auxiliary
• When the question is preceded by auxiliary that
  needs yes/No answer it will be used the
  conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech
  
• The steps how to make indirect speech
• The question sentence of the indirect speech is
  firstly changed to be statement
• It then follows the rules before

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Example

• DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• Doctor Do you usually take a nap?
• It is firstly changed to be
• You usually take a nap Doctor asks
  if/whether I usually take a
  nap

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Example

• DIRECT SPEECH
• Mary Are you a student?
• It is firstly changed to be
• You are a student
• INDIRECT SPEECH
• Ratu asked if/whether I was a
• student

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Example

• John May I borrow your car?
• Preceded by Question Word (QW)
• It is firstly changed to be
• I may borrow your car
• INDIRECT SPEECH
• John asked if he might borrow my
• John asked whether he might borrow my

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a. Preceded by Question Words

• In the question using Question Word (QW)
• To form indirect speech the question is firstly
  changed to be statement
• QW what, when, where, which, why, who, whom,
  etc. are used as conjunction

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Example

• Andi How do you spell your name?
• - It is firstly changed to be
• You spell your name
• INDIRECT SPEECH
• Andi asked how I spelt my name

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Example

• DIRECT SPEECH
• Sophia Where can you keep your money safely?
• It is firstly changed to be
• You can keep your money safely
• INDIRECT SPEECH
• - Sophia asked me where I could keep my
• money safely.

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• THANK YOU VERY MUCH