DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Made by: Ms. Anila Sohail Khan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Made by: Ms. Anila Sohail Khan

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Made by: Ms. Anila Sohail Khan DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH CHARACTERISTICS: It is original quotation of a talk It is always ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Made by: Ms. Anila Sohail Khan


1
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Made byMs. Anila
Sohail Khan
2
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
  • DIRECT SPEECH
  • CHARACTERISTICS
  • It is original quotation of a talk
  • It is always placed between two quotation marks
  • It is always preceded by Capital letter

3
  • Colon (), Comma (,) are placed before direct
    speech when the introductory verb position is in
    the front
  • Comma (,) are placed after direct speech when
    the introductory verb position is placed after or
    between the direct speech

4
  • The use of punctuation like exclamation mark (!),
    question mark (?) point the type of sentence of
    direct speech and it does not change
  • Eg.
  • Where do you live? she asked
  • My mother says to my sister Wash your hands!
  • She yelled at me Dont have the door open!

5
INDIRECT SPEECH
  • It is a kind of reported sentence (reported
    speech)
  • It retells ones talk or idea
  • It undergoes certain modification
  • It has three types of indirect speech
  • 1. Imperative (Command/request)
  • 2. Declarative (Statement)
  • 3. Interrogative (question

6
  • 1. Imperative (Command/request)
  • The Imperative is a command
  • Because of a command it does not tell the
    subject and the verb in direct imperative does
    not change
  • E.g. Shut the door
  • Let the door be shut
  • like go, sleep, open etc so in the indirect
    speech is preceded by to infinitive) namely to
    go, to sleep, to open

7
  • It also has non verb, so the reported command is
    preceded by Be adjective/adverb! like be
    quiet, be happy, be here so in the Indirect
    Speech it becomes to be quiet, to be happy, to
    be here

8
POSITIVE IMPERATIVE
  • DIRECT SPEECH
  • She said, Go away!
  • Come here! she said. I said,
  • Be quite! Be quiet! she yelled at the
    children.
  • She begged, Be happy!
  • Please help me! she told him
  • INDIRECT SPEECH
  • She ordered her to go away .
  • She asked him to come there.
  • She ordered the children to be quiet
  • She requested to be happy
  • She asked him to help her

9
NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE
  • DIRECT SPEECH
  • She said, Dont go away!
  • Dont Come here! she said
  • I said, Dont Be noisy!
  • She begged, Dont be lazy!
  • INDIRECT SPEECH
  • She told me not to go away
  • She asked him not to come there.
  • She begged us not to be noisyI
  • She told him not to worry about it

10
Declarative (Statement)
  • A. Pronoun and Possessive adjective
  • DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
  • I He/She
  • You me/he/she/them/I/him/her
  • My his/her
  • Our their/our
  • Your My/his/her

11
Declarative (Statement)
  • B. Adverb of time and Place
  • DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
  • now then
  • today that day
  • tomorrow the next day
  • the day after
  • the following day
  • a day later
  • next the after
  • the following

12
Declarative (Statement)
  • B. Adverb of time and Place
  • DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
  • last the before
  • the previous
  • the preceding
  • ago before
  • earlier
  • yesterday the day before
  • the previous day
  • the preceeding day
  • the day before yesterday two days before
  • here there
  • this that
  • these those

13
Declarative (Statement)
  • Tenses
  • DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
  • Present Simple Past Simple
  • Present Continuous Past Continuous
  • Present Perfect Past Perfect
  • Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect
    Continuous

14
Declarative (Statement)
  • C. Tenses
  • DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
  • Future Simple Past Future
  • Future Continuous Past Future Continuous
  • Future Perfect Past Future Perfect
  • Future Perfect Future Perfect
  • Continuous Past Continuous

15
Declarative (Statement)
  • C. Tenses
  • DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
  • Past Simple Past Perfect
  • Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
  • Past Perfect Past Perfect

16
Lets see the following changes
  • DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
  • Verb 1 Verb 2
  • Verb 2 Had Verb 3
  • Is was
  • Am was
  • Are were
  • Have had
  • Has had
  • Do did
  • Does did
  • Was/were had been
  • Did had verb 3

17
  • Can could
  • May might
  • Must had to
  • Shall should
  • Will would
  • Ought to verb 1 ought to have verb 3 / been
  • Could verb 1 could have verb 3 / been
  • Might verb 1 might have verb 3 / been
  • Should verb 1 should have verb3 / been
  • Would verb 1 would have verb 3 / been

18
Examples
  • DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
  • Ali I will go now. Ali said that he would
    go then
  • Rani They love me. Rani told me they
    loved her
  • Ive been writing, Dina Dina answered that she
    answered had been writing
  • Mother I was sick Mother told
    that yesterday. she had been sick
    the day before

19
3. Interrogative (question)
  • a. Preceded by Auxiliary
  • When the question is preceded by auxiliary that
    needs yes/No answer it will be used the
    conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech
  • The steps how to make indirect speech
  • The question sentence of the indirect speech is
    firstly changed to be statement
  • It then follows the rules before

20
Example
  • DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
  • Doctor Do you usually take a nap?
  • It is firstly changed to be
  • You usually take a nap Doctor asks
    if/whether I usually take a
    nap

21
Example
  • DIRECT SPEECH
  • Mary Are you a student?
  • It is firstly changed to be
  • You are a student
  • INDIRECT SPEECH
  • Ratu asked if/whether I was a
  • student

22
Example
  • John May I borrow your car?
  • Preceded by Question Word (QW)
  • It is firstly changed to be
  • I may borrow your car
  • INDIRECT SPEECH
  • John asked if he might borrow my
  • John asked whether he might borrow my

23
a. Preceded by Question Words
  • In the question using Question Word (QW)
  • To form indirect speech the question is firstly
    changed to be statement
  • QW what, when, where, which, why, who, whom,
    etc. are used as conjunction

24
Example
  • Andi How do you spell your name?
  • - It is firstly changed to be
  • You spell your name
  • INDIRECT SPEECH
  • Andi asked how I spelt my name

25
Example
  • DIRECT SPEECH
  • Sophia Where can you keep your money safely?
  • It is firstly changed to be
  • You can keep your money safely
  • INDIRECT SPEECH
  • - Sophia asked me where I could keep my
  • money safely.

26
  • THANK YOU VERY MUCH
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