BRAINGATE NEURAL- INTERFACE SYSTEM

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BRAINGATE NEURAL- INTERFACE
SYSTEM
BY www.tricksworld.net.tc
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Introduction

• BrainGate is a brain implant system developed by
  the bio-tech company Cyberkinetics in 2003 in
  conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience
  at Brown University.
• Purpose
  The
  system is to help those who have lost control of
  their limbs, or other bodily functions, such as
  patients with spinal cord injury to operate
  various gadgets such as TV, computer ,lights, fan
  etc..

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Scope

• During paralysis the brain generates the signals
  but these signals do not reach the intended
  muscles. Hence the muscles do not react and thus
  no movement is observed. A solution to this
  problem can be a direct interaction between the
  brain and appliance. Thus no muscle movement is
  required to get the work done. The brain can
  directly do it. The user must only be equipped
  with this braingate system.

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A Brief history

• The braingate is the culmination of 10 years of
  research in the laboratory of Dr.John Donoghue,
  who is the chair man of the Neuroscience
  Department at Brown University and chief
  scientific officer for cyberkinetics. He studied
  the functioning of braingate in monkeys and
  proved that they were able to control a curser on
  a computer monitor with their thoughts.
• They have not only demonstrated in preclinical
  studies that braingate can remain safely
  implanted in the (monkey) brain for at least two
  years, but have shown that it can safely be
  removed as well.

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Working

• The braingate neural interface device is a
  propriety brain-computer interface that consist
  of an inter neural signal sensor and external
  processors that convert neural signals into an
  output signal under the users own control. The
  sensor consists of a tiny chip smaller than a
  baby aspirin, with one hundred electrode sensors
  each thinner than a hair that detect brain cell
  electrical activity.

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The components in this system

• The chip A 4-millimeter
  square silicon chip studded
  with
  100 hair-thin
  microelectrodes
  is embedded
  in the primary
  motor cortex
  the region of the brain
  
  responsible for controlling
  movement
• The connector When the user thinks move
  cursor up and down, the cortical neurons fire in
  a distinctive pattern the signal is transmitted
  through the pedestal plug attached to the skull

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• The converter The signal travels to a
  shoebox-sized amplifier mounted on the users
  wheelchair, where its converted to optical data
  and bounced by fiber-optic cable to a computer.
• The computer The computer translates brain
  activity and creates the communication output
  using custom decoding software.

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HOW INFORMATION IS TRANSMITTED?

• When a work is done through any part of body then
  a potential difference is created in the brain.
• This potential difference is captured by the
  electrodes and is transmitted via fiber optic to
  the digitizer.

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• The digitizer converts the signal into some 0s
  and 1s and that is feed into the computer.
• Thus a new path for propagation of brain commands
  from the brain to the computer via braingate are
  created.
• Now when external devices are connected to the
  computer ,then they work according to the thought
  produced in the motor cortex.

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HOW DIFFICULT IS THIS SURGERY

• Surgeon makes craniotomy thats the diameter of a
  50-cent piece.
• The sensor is implanted in the region that issues
  command to the arms
• The whole surgical procedure takes two and half
  hour.

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APPLICATION

• Turn on or off the lights
• Control robotic arm
• Watch and control television
• Use the pc
• Locking or unlocking doors
• Motorized wheelchair

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ADVANTAGES

• Controlling remote devices
• Making and receiving telephone calls
• Accessing the internet.

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DISADVANTAGES

• Expensive
• Risky Surgery
• Not Wireless yet

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FUTURE SCOPE

• Current new advances include a
  second-generation interface
  software
  MPower controller
  that will enable users to
  perform
  a wide variety of daily activities
  without
  assistances of technician.
• Smaller ,wireless device .
• The user will have an improved
  control of respiratory
  system, limb with
  muscle stimulation or robotics.

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Conclusion

• Cyberkinetics is further developing the braingate
  system to potentially provide movement to people
  with severe motor disabilities.
• This remarkable breakthrough offers hope that
  people who are paralyzed will one day be able to
  independently operate artificial limbs,
  wheelchairs.
• Next generation products may be able to provide
  an individual with the control device that allow
  breathing , limb movements.

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Thank U..
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