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The THYROID GLAND AND GOITER: Ating Alamin

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The THYROID GLAND AND GOITER: Ating Alamin Butterfly-shaped organ in front of the neck What Does Your Thyroid Gland Do for You? Produces Two Hormones Called Thyroxine ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The THYROID GLAND AND GOITER: Ating Alamin


1
The THYROID GLAND AND GOITER Ating Alamin
2
  • Butterfly-shaped organ
  • in front of the neck

3
What Does Your Thyroid Gland Do for You?
  • Produces Two Hormones Called
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Thyronine (T3)
  • Regulates Metabolism so Your Cells Function
    Properly
  • Affects Every Cell in the Body

4
Thyroid Hormone AffectsMany Organs and General
Health
Eyes
Lungs
Brain
Heart
Liver
Kidney
Skin
GI Tract
Uterus
5
Iodine
Thyroid Hormone
  • Brain function, memory, concentration
  • Muscle movement
  • Cholesterol melting
  • Normal heart beat

6
GOITERS
  • Any enlargement of the thyroid gland
  • Bosyo

7
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8
G O I T E R
9
GOITERS
  • Function
  • - Euthyroid
  • - Hyperthyroid
  • - Hypothyroid
  • Structure
  • - Diffuse
  • - Nodular

10
When the Thyroid Doesnt Work
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
11
When the Thyroid Doesnt Work
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Too Much Thyroid Hormone
  • Metabolism Speeds Up
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Too Little Thyroid Hormone
  • Metabolism Slows Down

12
Two Common Types of Thyroid Disease
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hypothyroidism

13
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
14
Signs and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
15
What causes Thyroid Diseases ?
  • The Hidden Health Problem

16
What causes thyroid diseases ?
  • Iodine deficiency disorder
  • Surgical
  • Radioiodine therapy
  • Autoimmune diseases

17
Clinical Expression of Iodine Deficiency
Fetus
Neonate
  • Miscarriages
  • Stillbirths
  • Neurological cretinism
  • Impaired intellectual function
  • Increased perinatal mortality
  • Increased infant mortality
  • Neonatal goiter
  • Cretinism
  • Impaired intellectual function

18
Clinical Expression of Iodine Deficiency
Child adolescent
Adult
  • Goiter
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Impaired intellectual function
  • Retarded physical development
  • Goiter
  • Hypothyroidism and poor intellectual and physical
    performance

19
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20
Sources of Dietary Iodine
  • Iodine in soil, water and crops
  • Seafood
  • Dairy Products
  • Iodised salt and other fortified foods
  • Medicines/health foods/supplements
  • Other adventitious sources

21
Myths and Factson Thyroid Diseases
22
ON FOODS
  • Myth
  • Eating carrots, cabbage, root crops can cause
    goiter.
  • Fact
  • These foods have goitrogens.
  • But you have to eat a truckload of these foods in
    a short time before you develop goiter.

23
ON FOODS
  • Fact
  • Myth
  • Drinking cold drinks is bad if you have goiter.

The temperature of the food or drink has no
effect on the thyroid gland since it is not
located in the alimentary tract
24
ON FOODS
  • Myth
  • Eating seafoods can cure goiter.
  • Not eating seafoods can cause goiter
  • Fact
  • Seafoods are important for their iodine content
    but can not cure goiter.
  • A person with iodine deficiency may develop
    goiter.

25
ON FOODS
  • Myth
  • Herbal medicines are effective in treating goiter
    and other thyroid problems.
  • Fact
  • Contents of herbal medicines are often not
    specified their efficacy to treat is still in
    question.

26
ON FERTILITY
  • Myth
  • A person with goiter becomes infertile
  • Fact
  • Simple goiter does not affect fertility of both
    sexes.
  • It is abnormal thyroid function that affects
    fertility

27
ON FERTILITY
  • Myth
  • Radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism
    will lead to infertility.
  • Fact
  • Radioactive iodine only concentrates in the
    thyroid gland and does not affect other organs

28
ON PREGNANCY
  • Myth
  • Bearing down during labor can cause goiter
  • Fact
  • Iodine deficient pregnant women develops goiter
    to compensate for thyroid hormone deficiency. It
    is noted after delivery when increased weight is
    resolved

29
ON PREGNANCY
  • Myth
  • Goiter, if present, indicates caesarean section
  • Fact
  • Bearing down during labor does not affect the
    size of goiter

30
ON PREGNANCY
  • Myth
  • Any drug for the treatment of thyroid problem
    should be discontinued once the patient becomes
    pregnant
  • Fact
  • If the medication is for hyperthyroidism or
    replacement therapy, the patient should be
    referred to an endocrinologist for dose adjustment

31
ON PREGNANCY
  • Fact
  • There is an increased risk for miscarriage if
    medications are discontinued
  • Fact
  • Patients with inadequate replacement therapy have
    abnormal platelet function which may lead to
    prolonged bleeding during labor

32
ON PREGNANCY
  • Myth
  • All mothers with thyroid diseases will deliver
    infants with thyroid problems
  • Fact
  • Mothers with circulating thyroid antibodies are
    more likely to have infants with thyroid problems
  • Antithyroid medications traverse the placenta and
    may cause transient hypothyroidism in the baby

33
ON VARIOUS TREATMENT MODALITIES
  • Myth
  • Radioactive Iodine Treatment can cause cancer
  • Fact
  • There has been no report that it can cause cancer
  • There is no chromosomal abnormality in children
    born to mothers who received the treatment

34
ON VARIOUS TREATMENT MODALITIES
  • Myth
  • Radioactive Iodine Treatment cannot be given to
    individuals in their reproductive age
  • Fact
  • 131 Iodine concentrates only in the thyroid gland
  • Fertility is affected by the abnormal thyroid
    functional status (hyperthyroidism or
    hypothyroidism)

35
ON VARIOUS TREATMENT MODALITIES
  • Myth
  • Radioactive Iodine Therapy leads to hypothyroidism
  • Fact
  • Even without intervention, the gland will shrink
    in gt 10 yrs time, due to continuous inflammation
    and fibrosis eventually leading to hypothyroidism

36
ON VARIOUS TREATMENT MODALITIES
  • Myth
  • Patients who receive Radioactive Iodine uptake
    and therapy should be isolated
  • Fact
  • No isolation is necessary for 131 Iodine uptake
    and therapy for hyperthyroidism
  • Only patients who receive high dose treatment for
    cancer should be isolated in a leaded room

37
SURGERY
  • Myth
  • Surgery is the ultimate treatment for all thyroid
    diseases
  • Fact
  • Surgery is indicated for thyroid cancer,
    multinodular goiter, and in big goiters causing
    compression symptoms

38
SURGERY
  • Myth
  • Patients who get operated on for goiter lose
    their voice
  • Fact
  • This is rare if thyroidectomy is done by an
    experienced surgeon
  • Laryngeal nerve damage is higher on reoperation

39
  • Kaya lumalaki ang leeg at nagka-bosyo ang buntis
    e dahil hindi ito marunong umire.
  • Bawal magbuhat ng mabigat habang buntis dahil
    magkaka-Goiter sya.

40
When you have GOITER
  • Visit your doctor or an endocrinologist
  • Blood tests and other tests like ultrasound may
    be requested for evaluation
  • Medications given should be taken regularly as
    prescribed

41
  • The Philippine College of Physicians wishes to
    acknowledge the following for their invaluable
    efforts in the preparation of this module
  • Nemesio Nicodemus, MD
  • Bien Matawaran, MD
  • Aimee Andag-Silva, MD
  • Leilani Mercado-Asis, MD
  • Gabriel Jasul, MD
  • Rosa Allyn G. Sy, MD
  • Committee on Advocacy Public Relations
  • Philippine Society of Endocrinology and
    Metabolism
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