Country Report NORWAY

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Country Report NORWAY Recommendations to the
IAEA on NPP IC needs

• IAEA TWG-NPPCI meeting, Vienna, May 23-25 2005
• Dr. Davide Roverso
• OECD Halden Reactor Project
• Institute for energy technology (IFE)

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Nuclear installations in Norway

• The Institute for energy technology, ,
  operates two research reactors, the only nuclear
  installations in Norway
• Halden Boiling Water Reactor (HBWR)
• 20 MW, used for research on fuel and materials
• High burn-up, water chemistry, stress corrosion
  cracking, ...
• JEEP II Reactor Kjeller
• 2 MW, used for basic physics research,
• Neutron source for Neutron Activation Analysis
  (NAA)
• Nanomaterials, silisium doping, ...

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NPP IC Activities

• Most NPP IC activities at IFE are conducted as
  part of the OECD Halden Reactor Project (HRP)
• International co-operative effort affiliated to
  OECD NEA in Paris
• Aim Improve safety at operating NPPs
• Project established in 1958 (going for 50!)
• Jointly funded by its Members
• 18 countries
• gt 100 nuclear organisations world wide
• Hosted and run by IFE, Norway
• Participant types
• Utilities, Vendors, Licensing Authorities and RD
  centres
• 3 year program periods
• Current one from 2003 to end of 2005
• Next one from 2006 to end of 2008
• IFE performs also several bilateral activities
  related to IC

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HRP Members

• Norway - Institutt for energiteknikk, Norway,
• Belgium - Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK?CEN
• Denmark - Risø National Laboratory
• Finland - Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry
• France - Electricité de France
• Germany - Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und
  Reaktorsicherheit mbH (GRS)
• Japan - Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
• Korea - Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute
• Spain - Spanish Centro de Investigaciones
  Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
• Sweden - Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate,
• Switzerland - Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety
  Inspectorate
• UK - BNFL
• USA - United States Nuclear Regulatory
  Commission

• and as associated parties
• Bulgaria - Bulgarian Nuclear Regulatory Agency
• Czech Rep. - Czech Nuclear Research Institute
• France - French Institut de Radioprotection et
  de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
• Hungary - Hungarian Academy of Sciences, KFKI
  Atomic Energy Research Institute
• Russia - Russian Research Centre Kurchatov
  Institute, TVEL Co.
• Slovakia - Slovakian VUJE - Nuclear Power Plant
  Research Institute
• USA - Westinghouse Electric Power Company
  (WEC-LLC)
• USA - Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
• USA - Global Nuclear Fuel - Americas

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HRP Activity Sectors

• Nuclear Safety and Reliability
• Operation of Halden BWR
• Fuel and Materials technology research
• 120 employees
• Safety MTO Man Technology and Organization
• Human performance and reliability
• Control room technology
• Virtual Reality (VR) technology
• Operator Support Systems
• Software Systems Dependability
• 75 employees

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HRP Laboratories

• Halden has 2 major laboratories in operation
• HAMMLAB for human factors studies
• HVRC for virtual reality applications
• The MTO laboratories are also used for
  demonstration of new technology
• Advanced operational support for nuclear power
  plants
• New HMIs and Integration aspects
• Augmented reality for training, maintenance and
  decommissioning planning
• A new MTO-lab building was opened in February 2004

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MTO-Lab Overview

• IFE MTO-lab contains
• Integration lab
• Hammlab
• Experimenters gallery
• VR Centre

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HAMMLAB
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Virtual Reality Centre
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Integration Laboratory
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Experimenters Gallery
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What is the MTO-lab used for?
Study Human Technology Interaction
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HAMMLAB - Simulated nuclear plants

• FRESH
• Fessenheim REsearch Simulator for Hammlab
• CP0 Fessenheim-1
• 3-loop 900 MW
• Westinghouse design
• Plant located in eastern France
• HAMBO
• HAMmlab BOiling water reactor simulator
• Financed partly by Swedish and Finnish BWR
  utilities, partly by IFE/Halden
• Reference plant - Forsmark 3
• Latest generation ABB Atom plant
• 1200 MW BWR

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MTO-lab Experimental Set-up
Integrated Operation Centre
Evaluate Experiment
Conduct Experiment
Simulators
Functions
Human Performance Measurements

• HIS
• Alarm Systems
• Large screens
• WICS

FRESH
HAMBO
Analysis tools
Petroleum
HAMMLAB and VR-centre
Test Subjects
Experimenters
Analysts
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Conducting Experiments

• Example Autumn 2004
• Extended teamwork

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Development and Testing of new TechnologyVirtual
and Augmented Reality technology

• Wearable computer, wireless communication
• See-through computerglasses mic., speaker
• Video, positioning- and headtrackingsystem
• Combining virtual and augmented reality

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Innovative HSI Designs Design and Evaluation of
CR and HSIs

• Objective
• Investigate new Human System Interface concepts,
  and
• study whether they better support control room
  operators in their tasks
• How?
• Design and develop prototypes
• Evaluate the prototypes through use of usability
  tests and case studies
• Experiment with the prototypes in HAMMLAB

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Dynamic Large Screen DisplaysDesign and
Evaluation of CR and HSIs

• Functions
• safety systems actuations
• overall process overview
• status of all important safety systems
• indications of all alarming systems

• Functions
• key process parameters
• status of key components
• mini trends of important parameters
• mode dependent

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Hammlab Integration EnvironmentComputerised
Operation and Maintenace Support
Integration Platform
Data Management
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Aladdin Early Fault Detection Diagnosis

• Based on empirical, data-driven models (neural
  networks)
• Recognizes process signatures to detect and
  diagnose events and malfunctions
• Examples include latent faults, control failures,
  leakages, etc.

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PEANO Sensor Condition Monitoring

• Based on empirical, data-driven models (neural
  networks)
• Signal Validation and Reconstruction
• On-line, real-time analysis
• Calibration Monitoring
• Off-line, batch analysis
• Fault Detection
• Virtual Sensing

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PEANO Components
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COPMA - Computerised procedures and document
management

• Assist Operators in Executing Procedures
• Procedure retrieval and visualization
• Contextual information retrieval and display of
  live process data in the procedures
• Procedure placekeeping
• Automated execution of procedure actions
• Support for multi-user (crew) execution
• Separation between Declaration Utilization of
  Procedures
• Common repository of procedures and procedure
  models
• Supports different kinds of procedure
  presentation, depending on the kind of procedure
  and on the role of the operator
• Configurable procedure execution support

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- Plant Optimisation

• Based on first-principles models
• Aims at thermal performance optimisation
• Can be used for fault detection and data
  reconciliation

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Hammlab Integration EnvironmentComputerised
Operation and Maintenace Support
Integration Platform
Data Management
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Hammlab Integration EnvironmentComputerised
Operation and Maintenace Support
HAMBO Simulator
Diagnostic Agent
MMI PICASSO
Aladdin Diagnostic Model
AladdinRTL
Integration Platform
Comp. Procedures COPMA
Signal Validation Agent
Alarm System COAST
PEANO Server
PEANO Model
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Hammlab Integration EnvironmentComputerised
Operation and Maintenace Support
HAMBO Simulator
Diagnostic Agent
MMI PICASSO
Aladdin Diagnostic Model
AladdinRTL
Integration Platform
Comp. Procedures COPMA
Signal Validation Agent
Alarm System COAST
PEANO Server
PEANO Model
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Hammlab Integration EnvironmentComputerised
Operation and Maintenace Support
HAMBO Simulator
Diagnostic Agent
MMI PICASSO
Aladdin Diagnostic Model
AladdinRTL
Integration Platform
Comp. Procedures COPMA
Signal Validation Agent
Alarm System COAST
PEANO Server
PEANO Model
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Levels Of Integration

• Functional Level
• Operational Level
• Data Level

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Data Level Integration

• Prerequisite for the realization of actual
  on-line monitoring
• Ability to acquire data from the plant and
  communicate results to other support systems
• Technical solutions available

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Operational Level Integration

• Integration of the operation of an OLM system
  with the operation of other support systems in
  the control room
• HSI integration to better support, from a human
  factors perspective, the operator while
  performing his surveillance and control tasks

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Operational Level Integration

• PEANO signal validation outputs presented in the
  standard HSI trend displays

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Functional Level Integration

• The functionality offered by OLM systems should
  be integrated with the functionality offered by
  other support systems with the aim of exploiting
  synergistic effects and achieving new functions
• Taking the example of OLM systems for signal
  validation, their functionality becomes most
  valuable when integrated in the overall process
  control system
• The control system itself and additional operator
  support systems, such as the alarm system, can be
  improved by applying the sensor validation system
  as a front-end to resolve their vulnerability to
  corrupted or missing input data

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An Example of Functional Level Integration

• Signal Validation (PEANO) -Alarm System (COAST)
  Integration
• Generate sensor fault alarms
• Suppress alarms raised by faulty sensor readings
• Avoid suppression of alarms where the suppression
  logic is based on faulty readings
• Avoid oscillating alarms generated by noisy
  sensors

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PEANO-COAST Synergetic Integration

• Avoid suppression of alarms where the suppression
  logic is based on faulty readings

PCP 1 stopped
Primary pressure lt 25 bar
PCP 1 oil pump stopped
AND
Suppress alarm
Guiding Principles of Integration
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Computer Vision Based Condition Monitoring
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Condition Monitoring of Electrical Cables in NPPs

• Development of effective, in situ condition
  monitoring techniques for installed wire systems
  that can be used to determine the current
  condition of the wire system.
• Prediction of the remaining useful life,
  including the establishment of acceptance
  criteria and correlation of mechanical wire
  system properties to electrical properties to
  better understand the significance of reaching
  the limits of mechanical properties for aged
  insulating materials.

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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)Frequency Domain
Reflectometry (FDR)

• Insert a low power signal (either a fast-rise
  time pulse or voltage step or a series of sine
  waves stepped in frequency) on the cable.
• The electromagnetic wave propagates down the
  cable and is reflected back to the source.
• Differences between the source and the reflected
  signal are a signature for the cable condition
  and degradation state.

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Software Systems Dependability
Risk analysis and assessment
Software Engineering Laboratory
(SElab) Safety-oriented software engineering
research/training/consultancy Management systems,
resources, data collection/measurement,
etc. Methods and tools (HALDEN Prover, CORAS,
TACO, Petri nets, ...)
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Engineering of Dependable Software Systems

• Research activities
• Methods and Tools for Requirements Engineering
• Software Lifecycle Management
• Risk Analysis and Assessment Addressing
  Dependability Factors throughout the Lifecycle
• Methods, Techniques and Tools Supporting the
  Lifecycle Activities

• Research deliverables
• Provide guidelines on the use of existing
  methods, languages and tools for specification
  and analysis of system requirements, with an
  emphasis on software systems dependability.
• Provide guidance for how software lifecycle
  maintenance activities can be facilitated by the
  use of adequate traceability techniques.
• Explore and further develop the application of
  model-based risk analysis and assessment
  addressing dependability factors through all
  software lifecycle phases.
• Evaluate methods, techniques and tools for
  dependable construction of digital IC systems.

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Software Systems Architecture

• Research activities
• Risk Assessment of Remote Control Applications
• Software Fault Tolerance
• Risk Assessment of Pre-Developed Software
• Assessment Framework for Integrated Tool
  Environments

• Research deliverables
• Establishment of a risk assessment methodology
  for remote control applications, focusing on
  security, survivability and safety
• Development of a general methodology for
  demonstration of properties related to error
  containment and the independence of software
  functions
• Guidance and recommendations on risk assessment
  of pre-developed software, the utilization of
  operational data, etc.
• Provide guidance on the combination of
  heterogeneous information in the qualification of
  integrated tool environments.

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Control Room Modernisation

• Nuclear Power Plants
• Barsebäck, Ringhals, Oskarshamn, Forsmark,
  Loviisa, Olkiluoto
• Petroleum
• Statoil, Norsk Hydro, ConocoPhillips, BP, Shell,
  BHI,Total, Gassco, Aker, Siemens, ABB
• Metallurgical/Steel/Plastic/Nickel
• SSAB, LKAB, Borealis, Falconbridge
• Power distribution
• Statnett, Svenska Kraftnät, Oslo Energi
• Aviation
• Fornebu, Gardermoen (ATC), Røyken (ATC, eastern
  Norway), Gardermoen (baggage control),
  Eurocontrol (ATC research)
• Railways
• NSB, Jernbaneverket, Svenska Banverket
• Authorities
• NRC, SKI, IRSN, NPD, Jernbanetilsynet

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Activities in NPP CR Modernisation Projects

• HF assistance throughout design process
  (NUREG-0711 ISO 11064)
• Situation analysis (collecting operational
  experience)
• Control room philosophies
• Alarm system philosophies design guidelines
• HSI philosophies design guidelines (incl. large
  screens)
• HF analyses (function, task job analyses)
• Control room layout (CREATE)
• V V activities (planning implementation)

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Looking Ahead

• Strategic Goals
• Better understand and thereby, better predict
  human performance under various complex operating
  and emergency conditions
• Anticipate emerging issues relevant to
  introduction of new designs and technologies in
  nuclear power plant operation and maintenance
• Devise methods and technologies to improve safety
  and safety assessment of digital systems.

• Trends
• Gen II reactors
• Plant life extensions programs 60yr
• Control room and digital IC modernisation
  programs on-going
• Gen III reactors
• Being built
• Computerised seated workstations digital IC
  introduced
• Gen III reactors
• Being designed and will be built from now on
• Advanced control rooms digital IC is standard
• Gen IV reactors
• Co-operation Initiative taken built 30yr from
  now?
• Advanced operation issues more automation new
  technology

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Overall Objectives

• Human Performance
• Collect data to support the understanding and
  modelling of human performance
• contributing to a reduction in the uncertainty in
  HRA and, consequently, PRA.
• Improve our understanding of the impact of
  systems design and organisational factors on
  human performance

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Overall Objectives

• Design and Evaluation of Human System
  Interfaces and Control Centres
• Provide, evaluate and recommend advanced Human
  System Interface solutions
• Provide practical and efficient methods
  supporting the control centre design process

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Overall Objectives

• Visualisation Technologies supporting Design,
  Planning and Operation, and Training
• Provide visualisation technologies to support
  utility personnel making and implementing
  effective decisions using the most complete set
  of information available.

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Overall Objectives

• Integrated Surveillance and Control Systems
  in Operation and Maintenance
• Provide guidance, methods and tools to improve
  integrated condition monitoring and diagnosis
  capabilities to support utility personnel in
  their decision-making.

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Overall Objectives

• Software Systems Dependability
• Contribute to successful introduction of digital
  IC systems into NPPs.

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Recommendations to the IAEA

• Continued effort in the area of Equipment
  Condition Monitoring
• Technologies (Smart Sensors, FieldBus, OPC)
• Methods (Analytical Empirical Methods, Computer
  Vision)
• Application areas (Condition Monitoring of
  Electrical Cables)
• Integrated Health Monitoring Systems
• Integration of Condition Monitoring Systems,
  Operator Support Systems, Alarm Systems, HSIs,
  ...
• V V of new designs and modernisation projects
• Human Performance Reliability, Software
  Dependability

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Announcements

• International Summer School on Computer Safety,
  Reliability and Security, OECD NEA Halden Reactor
  Project
• 22-27 September 2005 Fredrikstad, Norway.
• http//www.ife.no/web007-09/events/summerschool/vi
  ew
• SAFECOMP 2005, 24th Int. Conference on Computer
  Safety, Reliability and Security
• 28-30 September 2005 Fredrikstad, Norway.
• http//www.ife.no/safecomp2005
• Enlarged Halden Programme Group Meeting
• 16-21 October 2005 Lillehammer, Norway.
• http//ehpg.hrp.no