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Fiber lasers and amplifiers

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Title: Fiber lasers and amplifiers


1
Fiber lasers and amplifiers
by Khanh Kieu
(11/12/2009)
2
Outlines
  • Introduction
  • Fiber optics basics
  • Active fibers
  • Laser performances
  • Cladding pump technology
  • Fiber laser research at the College of Optical
    Sciences
  • Future directions

3
Introduction
Nobel Prize in Physics awarded for contribution
related to laser
  • 1964 Townes, Basov and Prokhorov
  • 1971 Gabor
  • 1981 Bloembergen and Schawlow
  • 1997 Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji and Phillips
  • 2000 Alferov and Kroemer
  • 2005 Hänsch an Hall

4
Laser market
Laserfocusworld.com
5
Laser market
Laserfocusworld.com
6
History
First laser was demonstrated in 1960 by T. Maiman
First fiber laser was demonstrated in 1963 E.
Snitzer
7
Why are people still doing research in lasers?
  • Requirements
  • New wavelength bands
  • Maximum average output power
  • Maximum peak output power
  • Minimum output pulse duration
  • Maximum power efficiency
  • Minimum cost

The physics of laser operation is
well understood. But there is always need for
better and cheaper lasers. Also, there are still
a lot of applications requirements that current
technology can not satisfy.
8
Fiber optics Basics
(http//en.wikipedia.org/)
  • NA
  • V number
  • Core size, MFD
  • Polarization maintaining or not polarization
    maintaining
  • Dispersion

9
Fiber optics Basics
  • Types of fiber by construction
  • step index
  • graded index
  • PM fiber
  • photonic crystal fiber
  • multi-core fiber
  • Types of fiber by functionality
  • passive fibers
  • active fibers

10
Fabrication methods
Modified chemical vapor deposition method
11
Fabrication methods active fibers
Nano-particle vapor deposition (Liekki)
MCVD process
12
Fabrication methods active fibers
Rod-in-tube method UoA
13
Active fibers
Nd3, Yb3
Er3
Pr3 (491nm,520nm,605nm,695nm)
Tm3, Ho3
Er3, ZBLAN
Bi3
Pr3
3?m
1?m
2?m
1.5?m
0.5?m
14
Advantages of fiber format
  • High efficiency
  • Direct diode pumping
  • Compact
  • Alignment free
  • Reliable
  • Low cost
  • Performance

Fiber format removes the strict requirement of
heat management which is normally very critical
in solid-state lasers
  • But there are also disadvantages
  • Long gain media
  • High nonlinearity
  • Polarization stability

15
Laser design
16
Fiber laser performance
17
mJ energy femtosecond fiber laser gt 1GW peak
power!
Tünnermanns group
18
What can fiber laser do?
19
Cladding pump technology
http//www.rp-photonics.com/double_clad_fibers.htm
l
20
Cladding pump technology
(Goldberg, Opt. Lett. 1999)
(US patent 5,864,644)
GTWave technology (credit D. Payne)
21
Beam combination
(credit D. Payne)
22
Fiber laser research at the College of Optical
Sciences
23
Fiber laser research at the College of Optical
Sciences
Highly doped Yb-Er phosphate fiber
24
Fiber laser research at the College of Optical
Sciences
25
Cladding pump technology
Polynkin, 2004
26
Reflector with ultra-narrow bandwidth
Allow single-frequency operation even when
the cavity is long.
Kieu, Opt. Lett., 2007
27
Understanding the reflectivity of microsphere
resonator
HR mirrors
Microsphere
Reflection
Scattering
Transmission
Reflection
Transmission
Taper
Input
Microsphere resonator
Fabry-Perot resonator
28
Femtosecond pulse generation with carbon nanotubes
29
Femtosecond pulse generation with carbon nanotubes
Kieu, Opt. Lett., 2007
30
Femtosecond pulse generation with carbon nanotubes
Old technology
New technology
31
Future directions
  • New fiber design with increased MFD to reduce
    nonlinear effects
  • New doped fibers operating at other spectral
    regions
  • Generation of new frequencies
  • Pulsed source with ultra-high peak power
  • Compact lasers for precision
  • measurement and sensing

(Credit Nufern.com)
32
Thank you!
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