IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA

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Plummer-vinson syndrome. Severe Pallor. Koilonychia. Angular cheilosis. Bald , fissured tongue ... Plummer-Vinson. syndrome. Multiple retinal hemorrhages. P.S. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA


1
IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA
2
Physiological functions
  • transport and storage of oxygen
  • formation and maturation of red blood cells
  • cellular respiration
  • ( cytochromes and respiratory enzymes )
  • oxidation in nerve cells

3
Daily requirement
  • Infants 10-15 mg
  • Children
  • 1-3 yrs 15 mg
  • 4-10 yrs 10 mg
  • Older children and adults (Males)
  • 11-18 yrs 18 mg
  • After 19 yrs 10 mg
  • Females
  • 11-50 yrs 15-18 mg
  • During pregnancy or lactation 20 mg
  • After 51 yrs 12-15 mg

4
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5
Factors affecting iron absorption
  • Increase
  • Gastric acidity
  • Proteins of low molecular weight
  • Alcohol
  • Chlorophyll and bile pigments
  • Vitamin C and Calcium
  • Heme found in meat more readily absorbed than
    inorganic iron

6
Factors affecting iron absorption
  • Decrease
  • Intestinal malfunction
  • Phosphates
  • Phytic acid and oxalates
  • Copper deficiency
  • Tannates in tea

7
Storage
  • 1. Ferritin
  • apoferritin ferric hydroxide ferritin
  • Iron content 17 to 33
  • Water soluble
  • Readily available form
  • Cannot be visualised by microscopy

8
Storage
  • 2. Haemosiderin
  • If iron supply in excess hemosiderin
  • 50 iron by weight
  • Golden brown granules,
  • Stains blue with Perls or Prussian blue
    reaction
  • Derived from ferritin

9
Excretion
  • Urine 0.5-1.5 mg
  • Faeces 0.3-0.75 mg
  • Bile and sweat 0.5-1 mg
  • Menstrual flow 1-3 mg
  • Faeces - unabsorbed food iron
  • Pregnancy - iron to the foetus
  • Sweat, hair loss, nail clippings
  • Iron content regulation of the body
  • By absorption only, not by excretion

10
Laboratory testing for iron
  • Serum iron - ( 70 201 µg / dl )
  • Serum iron binding capacity
  • TIBC ( 253 435 µg / dl )
  • Serum ferritin - 20 250 ng / ml
  • Complete blood count (CBC)
  • Bone marrow biopsy
  • Liver biopsy

11
Iron deficiency Anaemia
  • CAUSES
  • Dietary lack
  • Impaired absorption
  • Increased requirement
  • Chronic blood loss
  • Uterine abnormalities
  • GI bleeding

12
Symptoms
  • Fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, palpitations,
    pallor, headache, dizziness, apathy, impaired
    attention, irritability, lowered memory
  • Symptomatology of acute anaemia is mainly caused
    by fall in blood volume and not by reduced
    haemoglobin level
  • Epithelial changes such in nails, tongue, mouth,
    hair, GIT
  • Plummer-vinson syndrome

13
Severe Pallor
14
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15
Koilonychia
16
Angular cheilosis
17
Bald , fissured tongue
18
Post-cricoid web, Plummer-Vinson syndrome
19
Multiple retinal hemorrhages
20
P.S. Microcytic, hypochromic red cells
21
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22
80 100 fl.
27 34 pgms.
23
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24
Perls stain - Normal marrow -Prussian blue
reaction
25
Absence of stainable Iron in bone marrow
aspirate
26
Lack of stainable Iron
27
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